. , ; . , - . (perpetuum mobile) . . A Q ΔU .
.
- (V = const) , A = 0. ,
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- U(T1) U(T2) . ( ). (Q > 0), . (Q < 0).
- (p = const) , ,
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- :
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- Q > 0 , . Q < 0 . A < 0. , T2 < T1; , ΔU < 0.
- , , , ΔU = 0.
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Q, , . , , , .
, , . , .
Q = 0;
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.
(p, V) ( ) , . (A > 0); (ΔU < 0). . , (. 3.9.2).
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3.9.2. ( ) ( ) . |
. (p, V)
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. γ = Cp / CV , Cp CV (. 3.10).
T1 T2 :
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. , (. 3.12). - ΔQ / T, . ΔQ = 0, .
( , ) . (. 3.3). .
, , , . , , . . 3.9.3 , , K. , . , , . Q = 0, .. , A = 0, .. . : ΔU = 0, . , (p, V), , . , .
. .
3.9.3. . |