.
1. . ( ), , , , . , . . , . .
, . , , .
. . , , .. .
, , .. .
. , , .. . .
2. . i . , 1 n1 , x2 n2 , xk nk , Σni = n . xi , , . ni , ni/n = wi .
( ) ( ). ( ) ( , , , ).
:
i | 1 | 2 | k | |
ni | n1 | n2 | nk |
3. . F(x) ( ), . F*(x), . , , pi ni/n, ..
|
|
,
.
. , F(x) .
4. . , , . .
A. . xi, ni. (xi; ni) , .
, (x1; w1), (x2; w2),, (xk; wk). xi, wi.
. . .
, , , h, ni/h ( ).
, , ni/h.
hni/h = ni ; , , .. .
, , h, wi/h ( ).
, , wi/h. hwi/h = wi , . , , .. .
5. . , 1, 2 ,, . = ∑(Ni i)/N, i , Ni ( ), N = ∑Ni . , = ∑(ni i)/n, i , ni ( ), n = ∑ni .
6. . . . (i - ) (i - ) . , , .. D = ∑Ni (i - )2 /N.
|
|
, , ..
D = ∑ni (i - )2 /n.
, σ2 = D σ2 = D.
7. . . . , , . , . . : , . , . . .
= ∑ni (i - )2 /(n - 1). .
8. . . . , . .
= 1*h + C, D = [2* - (1*)2]h2 , h ( ); (, ); 1* = ∑ni ui /n , 2* = ∑ni ui2 /n , ui = (xi - C)/h .
, , , , h, ( 8-10 ). , . , .
9. , , . . , . , . . , :
1* = d1 /n, 2* = (s1 + 2s2)/n, 3* = (d1 + 6d2 + 6d3)/n, 4* = (s1 + 14s2 + 36s3 + 24s4)/n, dk = ak bk, sk = ak + bk. : = 1*h + C, D = [2* - (1*)2]h2 , s = m3 /σ3, = m4 /σ4 - 3, 3- 4- :
m3 = [3* - 31* 2* + 2(1* )3]h3,
m4 = [4* - 41* 3* + 6(1*)2 2* - 3(1*)4]h4.
.
1. 1. , , :
1.1. .
|
|
1.2. .
1.3. ( , , )
1.4. , , : ) ; ) , , , .
( )
:
, , , , , , , , .
1.1. .
1
.
) .
, , , , .
, 2 ( ). , , 42 48, 49 55 .., 2 ( 2). .
2
i | 42-49 | 49-56 | 56-63 | 63-70 | 70-77 | 77-84 | 84-91 | 91-98 | 98-105 | 105-112 | 112-119 |
ni |
|
|
: Σ ni = 4 + 8 + 16 + 27 + 28 + 34 + 26 + 24 + 22 + 6 + 5 = 200.
2. , , 2. : ni /n. , n1 /n = 4/200 = 0.02. 3.
3
i | 45.5 | 52.5 | 59.5 | 66.5 | 73.5 | 80.5 | 87.5 | 94.5 | 101.5 | 108.5 | 115.5 |
ni | |||||||||||
ni /n | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
: Σ ni /n = 0.02 + 0.04 + 0.08 + 0.14 + 0.14 + 0.17 + 0.13 + 0.12 + 0.11 + 0.03 + 0.02 = 1.
1.2.
3. . , ( ). , , , .
1. .
4. . 2 . hni/n. , h, , hni/n. , n. , , . , h. , , 1.
1.3. ( , , )
4 . *(). . 1.
4
i | 45.5 | 52.5 | 59.5 | 66.5 | 73.5 | 80.5 | 87.5 | 94.5 | 101.5 | 108.5 | 115.5 |
ni /n | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
*() | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.59 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
F*() , 4.
F* () = {* () = 0, < 1; * () = 1, > 11; * () = , .} , , , .
3. .
1.4. , , : ) ; ) , , , .
( )
.
. . . , , , , .
, .. , Θ, Θ*. Θ* . .
, . 2.1, : , .
Θ* Θ, , .. (Θ*) = Θ. , , [(Θ*) Θ].
μ ( ) ( ). . = Dn/(n-1).
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, :
.
5, :
ui = (i - )/h, ( , ), h , i .
5
i | ni | ui | ni ui | ni ui2 | ni (ui + 1)2 |
45.5 | - 5 | - 20 | |||
52.5 | - 4 | - 32 | |||
59.5 | - 3 | - 48 | |||
66.5 | - 2 | - 54 | |||
73.5 | - 1 | - 28 | |||
80.5 | = - 182 | ||||
87.5 | |||||
94.5 | |||||
101.5 | |||||
108.5 | |||||
115.5 | |||||
Σ | N = 200 | Σ ni ui = 7 | Σ ni ui2 = 1049 | Σ ni (ui + 1)2 = 1263 |
.
1263 = Σ ni (ui + 1)2 = Σ ni ui2 + 2Σ niui + n = 1049 + 2 7 + 200 = 1263. 1263 = 1263, .
:
1* = (Σ ni ui)/n = 7/200 = 0.035;
2* = (Σ ni ui2)/n = 1049/200 = 5.245.
:
= 1*h + = 0.035 7 + 80.5 = 0.245 + 80.5 = 80.745.
:
D = [2* - (1*)2 ] h2 = [1049/200 (0.035)2 ]49 = [5.245 0.001] 49 = 256.96.
:
S2 = = 200/199 256.96 = 1.02 256.96 = 262.1.
σ = = 16.03.
6.2. 6:
:
1. .
2. ; (200) .
3. 80.5, ; , , ; .
4. ( ) ; , 1=182, . ( ) ; , 1=189, .
5. (, ) , (, ) ; , , 2 (3, 4), ; , , 2 (3,4), .
6
i | ni | 1 = 182 | 2 = 163 | 3 = 88 | 4 = 28 |
45.5 | |||||
52.5 | |||||
59.5 | |||||
66.5 | |||||
73.5 | |||||
80.5 | |||||
87.5 | |||||
94.5 | |||||
101.5 | |||||
108.5 | |||||
115.5 | |||||
Σ | n = 200 | 1 = 189 | 2 =176 | 3 = 96 | 4 = 31 |
:
= 1*h + ; D = [2* - (1*)2 ] h2. :
d1 = 1 - 1 = 189 182 = 7; d2 = 2 - 2 = 176 163 = 13;
s1 = 1 + 1 = 189 + 182 = 371; s2 = 2 + 2 = 176 + 163 = 339.
, :
1* = d1 / n = 7/200 = 0.035;
2* = (s1 + 2 s2)/n = (371 + 2 ּ 339)/200 = 5.25.
= 1*h + =0.035 7 + 80.5 = 0.245 + 80.5 = 80.745;
D = [2* - (1*)2 ] h2 = [5.25 (0.035)2 ]49 = [5.245 0.001] 49 = 256.96.
16.03;
S2 = = 200/199 256.96 = 1.02 256.96 = 262.1;
: s = m3 /σ3.
d3 = 3 - 3 = 96 88 = 8; s3 = 3 + 3 = 96 + 88 = 184; 3* = (d1 + 6d2 + 6d3)/n = (7 + 78 + + 48)/200 = 0.67 m3 = [3* - 31* 2* + 2(1*)3 ]h3 = [0.67 3 ּ 0.035 ּ 5.25 + 2(0.035)3] 343 = 41.16; σ3 = 3341.46. s = 41.16 / 3341.46 = 0.01. , .
= m4 /σ4 - 3, s4 = 4 + 4 = 31 + 28 = 59, 4* = (s1 + 14 s2 + 36s3 + 24 s4)/n = (371 + 4746 + 6624 + 1416)/200 = 65.78, m4 = [4* - 41* 3* + 6(1*)2 2* - 3(1*)4 ]h4 = 157832.13. = m4 /σ4 - 3 = 157832.13/66028.44 3 = - 0.64. , , .. , , .