) .
, , . ΔfH (298). , .
, , , .
) .
, , , .
, , , - .
) .
, - - .
) .
, , .
, 1. . , 1 1.
m n Q, T1 T2. Q, m ( n)
Q = mC (T2 T1) = nCm(T2 T1),
C ; Cm .
1. .
2. (, , , ).
3. .
4. .
5.
6. , .
7. .
1. .., .. , , , . .. , 2005, 141 .
2. .., .. , , , . .. , 2005, 54 .
|
|
3. .., .., .., , , , , 2007, 99 .,
4. .., .. . .: , 2003.
5. . . .. .: , 1982.
Δ Δ : NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) = NaCl(aq) + H2O() |
1. ΔfH0298.
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O,
Na+ + OH¯ + H+ + Cl¯ = Na+ + Cl¯ + H2O
OH¯ + H+ = H2O
:
ΔfH .= ΔfH H2O (ΔfH ¯ + ΔfH +)
Δ f H . , .
2. ΔH :
- ;
- 30 NaOH;
- ;
- NaOH (1);
- 30 HCl;
- HCl (1);
- ;
- (2);
- .
3 .
Δ H : Δ H = Δ H/n
n NaOH (), n = NaOH ´ VNaOH
NaOH NaOH (), VNaOH NaOH ()
Δ H = Δ
(/), = m1C1 + m2C2
m1 (), m2 (),
1 , 1 = 0,753 /( ),
2 , 2 = 4,184 / .
Δ = 2 1 ()
Δ, | ΔH, | ΔH , / | ΔH ., / | |
1. | ||||
2. | ||||
3. |
3. (): σ . ,σ . σ . .
σ . = 1/3 √ ( Δ H 1 Δ H ) + ( Δ H 2 Δ H ) + ( Δ H 3 Δ H ), (/)
σ . = │ Δ H Δ fH │, (/)
│ Δ H Δ fH │
σ . = ────────── ´ 100%, (%)
│ Δ fH │
:
1. .
:
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
2
: : | , . ( -). |
|
|
:
Photometer 4010;
;
;
;
.
:
KSCN (2 %);
KSCN (0,2 %);
FeCl3 (20 %);
FeCl3 (2 %);
KCl;
(0,1 %);
;
- (0,01 );
3,56;
6,86;
12,45;
.