. () , . 2.1 , () . 1 2 .
2.1 -
, , , t t0 , . , , , . . t > t0, , t < t0 . (). .
, 2.1,
EAB(tt0) = eAB(t) e(t0), (2.1)
eAB(t) e(t0) ,
.
: .
, EAB(tt0) t t0. t0 = const,
eAB(t0) = c = const
EAB(tt0)t0 = const = eAB(t) c = f(t). (2.2)
(2.2) t , t0 = const. , , , ().
(2.2) . .
t0 0 . . ( 2.2).
2.2 t0
:
E(t, t0) = E(t, 0 ) (t0, 0 ), (2.3)
(t, 0 ) , t
0 ;
E(t0, 0 )- -..., t = t0
0.
(2.3) , t0 < 0 , t0 > 0 - .
|
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. .
( 2.3). ( ).
2.3
. . , , , , , . , .
: (Pt), (90 % Pt + 10 % Rh), (10% Cr + 90 % Ni), (95 % Ni + 5 % Al) (56 % Cu + 44 % Ni). , , .
:
;
;
;
.
2.1.
2.1 -
, 0 | , / | |||
- | 0 1100 | |||
-50 +800 | ||||
-50 +650 |
2.4, . 1 2 3. 4 . 5 6 . 7.
) )
2.4 ()
()
, , .
. , . 2.5,. , . U, . , .. = U, t λ . R , .
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2.5 : ;
;
( R 1 R 2 )
I1(R+lR)-I2R=. (2.4)
(2.4) , , Rp. , λ.
R . - DEi I2DR.
( 2.5, ): R, R , R. R R ( 90 130 ), R ( 2.5, ) .
. () .
() a, D R/R D t:
. (2.5)
, . , , ( 2.6). , .
2.6
. , , ; . .
, . () :
, (2.7)
Rt R0 t 0 0;
a .
200 C .
. () ,
, (2.8)
Rt R0 t 0 0;
a b .
, .
, . , 0 º, , . , 50 , , 0 º 50 .
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200 650 .
2.4,. .
1 2 , 3 , . , , , 4 5 6. 7.
. , . - () - (), 60 120 60 160 . (. 2.6):
. (2.9)
, ( 2.7). .
2.7
, .
- ( 10 .).
. ( 2.8).
2.8
. , . , . , , , . , λ .
(R1 + λ*Rp) * (Rt + R3) = [(1 λ)*Rp + R1] * R3. (2.10)
201