.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




 

69. 2005/2 " , , , , ", " , , , , ".

 

70. 2006 , , , , . , , (E/CN.4/2006/11, 33). , . , , " , , " (E/CN.4/2006/11/Add.1, 30).

 

71. , , 2001-2004 , XXI . , , , , .

 

VI.

 

, . , , , .

 

2006 , , , , : ) , ; b) , ; ) . , , , .

, , . , , , , .

, , , , , . , , , , .

76. :

- , , , , , ( 2001 ) . - . - , , , ;

- 2007 2008 ;

- , , . , ;

- , , . , , . , ;

- , , , ;

, 2005/2 61/151 , , ‑ ‑ -.

-----

 


* .

 

 

[1] The full statements of the Chairperson-Rapporteur to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council in 2006 are available at http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/index.htm.

 

[2] Cf. Kim Sengupta, UK: Blair accused of trying to privatise war in Iraq, The Independent, 30 October 2006. The result would be for the Government to take control of the war operations without being responsible for the illegal activities committed, according to D. Bigo Les entreprises de coercition paramilitaires: de nouveaux mercenaires?, Cultures et Conflits, LHarmattan, Paris, 2004.

 

[3] Information from the United States Congress Accountability Office, June 2006, cited in Corporate mercenaries, War on Want report, London, 2006.

 

[4] James Kwok, Armed Entrepreneurs: Private Military Companies in Iraq, Spring 2006, Harvard International Review.

 

[5] Ibid.

 

[6] Figures registered until 15 November 2006; see Jeremy Scahill, Blood is thicker than Blackwater, The Nation, 1 May 2006, www.alertnet.org, and http://icasualties.org.

 

[7] See Reuters, In Iraq, contractor deaths near 650, legal fog thickens, 10 October 2006; see also alertnet.org.

 

[8] Cf. Peter W. Singer, The private military industry in Iraq: what we have learned and where next?, Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2004.

 

[9] Estimates vary between 200 and up to 4,000 South Africans working for PMSCs in Iraq. See G. Bell, Anti-mercenary hill spurs security fears, Mail and Guardian, 17 August 2006, cited in the report War on Want. See also Louis Nevaer, Pacific News Service, 4 May 2004 and M. Wines, Anti-mercenary law passed, New York Times, 30 August 2006. The Working Group also notes reports of South Africans having being directly implicated in March 2004 in the tentative coup detat in Equatorial Guinea side-to-side with the British owners of the private companies. See George Monbiot, Pedigree dog of war, The Guardian, 25 January 2005, and Guerriers à louer, programme Temps Présent, TV Suisse Romande, 2005.

 

[10] James Kwok, op. cit.

 

[11] Alan Cowell, Rights Group criticizes US over Outsourcingin Iraq, New York Times, 24 May 2006. See annual report of Amnesty International USA, available at http://www.amnestyusa.org/annualreport/2006/overview.html.

 

[12] David Brown, Study claims Iraqs excess death toll has reached 655,000,
Washington Post, 10 November 2006.

 

[13] Broadcast on 13 June 2006; available at www.cnn.com, and the transcript at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0606/12/acd.02.html.

 

[14] David Phinney, From mercenaries to peacemakers?, 29 November 2005, www.corpwatch.org.

 

[15] Sean Rayment, Iraq: video exposes private security convoys shooting Iraqi drivers, News Telegraph, 27 November 2005, www.corpwatch.org.

 

[16] This incident led to the seizure of Falluja by coalition forces in April 2004, which led to approximately 600 casualites.

 

[17] Louis Hamsen, Families sue Blackwater over deaths in Fallujah, The Virginia Pilot, 6 January 2005, www.corpwatch.org; Jeremy Scahill, Blood is thicker than Blackwater, The Nation, 1 May 2006.

 

[18] Jeremy Scahill, Blackwaters mercenary jackpot, The Nation, 16 August 2006, www.alertnet.org.

 

[19] See Corporate mercenaries, War on Want report, London, 2006.

 

[20] Christian Olsson, Vrai procès et faux débats: perspectives critiques sue les argumentaires de légitimation des entreprises de coercition para-privés, Cultures et Conflits, LHarmattan, Paris, 2004.

 

[21] By 15 December 2006, seven of the eight alleged mercenaries had been extradited to Russia, while one remained held by the United States for further investigations.

 

[22] Military Diplomat Journal, Russia, December 2003.

 

[23] While the Chilean cases were briefly described above, for more information regarding cases in Honduras and Ecuador, see A/HRC/4/42/Add.1 and 2.

 

[24] Paez, Ángel. Mercenarios para Irak con ayuda del ejército, Interpress Services New Agency, at http://www.ips.org (visited on 28 October 2005).

 

[25] Revista Semana, Bogotá. Edition 1268, 21 to 28 August, pp. 32-39; Diario Mi pais, Ecuador. Viernes 25 August 2003, page 3.

 

[26] Radio Noticias 1160. Interview by Program Cara a Cara for the periodic Zenaida Solís in Lima, on 16 March 2006. Similar information was received by the Working Group during its visit to Honduras from individuals having worked for PMSCs in Iraq.

 

[27] Information received by Working Group of documents and memos signed by a PMSC operating in Iraq (on hold with authors).

 

[28] Revista Semana, Bogotá. Edición 1268, 21-28 August, p. 36.

 

[29] Ibid.;Radio Noticias 1160, Entrevista realizada en el Programa Cara a Cara por la periodista Zenaida Solís. Lima. 16 March 2006.

 

[30] Paez, Ángel. Mercenarios para Irak con ayuda del ejército. Interpress Services New Agency, at http://www.ips.org (visited on 28 October 2005).

 

[31] Cf. Article 102 of the Organic Law of the National Police in Honduras.

[32] For pertinent reports of the former Special Rapporteur, Mr. Bernales Ballesteros and Ms. Shaista Shameem, see http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/specialrap.htm.

 

[33] Text of bilateral agreement between the Governments of the United States and Colombia, signed on 17 September 2003.

 

[34] See the Rapport du Conseil fédéral Suisse sur les entreprises de sécurité et les entreprises militaires privées (pursuant to the postulat Stähelin 04.3267 du 1er juin 2004: Entreprises privées chargées de tâches de sécurité) of 2 December 2005.

 

[35] See CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13, general comment No. 31 on the nature of the general legal obligation imposed on States parties to the Covenant (2004), para. 8.

 

[36] See also report of the Secretary-General, In larger freedom (A/59/2005).





:


: 2016-10-23; !; : 439 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1731 - | 1723 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.024 .