, . . , . , . , , convenience , .
, , . district . settlements , .
, , , ; 14- , , .
. towers, , ( ) , , .
, 18- , . . 17- , , . arsenals, , . , . 18- , , , , .
, . , . , . " " .
Ex. 16. Answer the questions:
1. What creates the character of a waterfront city? 2. What dimensions were usually taken into account when building the city? 3. What was a bridge city in Medieval Europe? 4. Were aesthetic or pragmatic aspects mainly appreciated by the builders in the Middle Ages? 5. How was the urban form of a sea city developed? 6. When and where was the importance of rational city planning first understood? 7. What new uses of waterfront constructions can we see now?
Ex. 17. Explain why:
a) a great number of towns were originally located on only one bank of the river;
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b) such cities in Medieval Europe developed into bridge cities;
c) churches, towers, temples and monuments of waterfront cities were built to be seen well from the sea;
d) since the 18th century the waterfront had to be planned around arsenals, warehouses and so on, rather than representational buildings;
e) port cities have evolved away from shipping, industry and railway yards.
Ex. 18. Complete the sentences translating the missing parts into English:
1. In ancient Egypt, settlements were built on the east bank of the Nile, no . 2. The bridge between the two settlements 3. was left open to allow passers-by to enjoy the view along the river. 4. The Colossus of Rhodes . 5. The link to the sea was vital . 6. Maritime ports with shipyards and warehouses formed . 7. In the late 18th century, the first seaside resorts were built, . 8. illustrates this.
Ex. 19. Speak on the topic: "Water in Human Life"
. 16. :
1. ? 2. dimensions , ? 3. ? 4. , , ? 5. ? 6. ? 7. ?
. 17. :
a) ;
b) ;
c) , , , ;
d) 18- , , ;
e) , railway .
. 18. , :
1. , . 2. 3. , . 4. . 5. . 6. warehouses . 7. 18- , , . 8. .
. 19. : " "
