, , (. 11.1) , , .
11.1 : , , , , , ; ; . . . . . . .- .
() :
- (. 11.1, , , , )
β , (11.1)
, ( = 2, 2.5, 3 -, - ); β , β ;
β 1+ 0.5 sin2(π/2 - ); (11.2)
- (. 11.1, )
+ (n 1)b,
b , ; n ; , ; .
, ..................................... 0 10 25 50 75
..................................... 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8
= 1.
(. 11.1, ) , .
, , . (q>q) - ( = 1.2-1.3) ( = 1.031.1); (. . 11.1 ). (q = q) (. . 11.1, ), (q>q) (. . 11.1, ). 0.3( W) + 3.5 . ( = 1.4-1.6), -. .
11.1 ( )
() :
-
`. = 2. / = 2W/; (11.3)
-
``. = 2W/(+). (11.4)
11.1; . = (0.50.8).
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, q,W, ℓ; .
: , 8-10%, - 12-15%, - 20-30%. ( , .) ` = 1.12-1.2, ` = 1.3-1.5.
, n = 23 , [ . = (0.61) ]. 530%, 1540%.
() , , .
2.
, , . (. 9.2). - . , (), (3) 1 ; 100, 8-10, 1-3. .
. V, q V= Q./∆, 3 (Q. , ; ∆ - , /3).
Q. . .. :
Q = qW3 [(W+1)/2W] 3/2.
. , . (0.85-0.9) h (h ), . 6 0.8 - 1 /3, 0.4-0.6 /3 .
, ( ), - . 0.8-1 . q = 0.050.3 /3. : , - , . .
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(. 11.2) (- ) (- )
11.2 () () :
L ; Q,Q1.Q2
() ( . . )
Q. = qW(0.6n3 + 0.4), (11.5) q , /3 ( q = 1.52.5 /3); W . . ., . . , ; n (n = 2-3).
(11.5) W 25 . W> 25 (11.5) ( . . ).
Q. =qW3 (0/6n3 + 0.4) (11.6)
()
= 0.5W(n + 1) (11.7)
(),
L =2n W + (m- 1) (11.8) m .
L = (m- 1). (11.9)
n , , 0.5 n .