III. Finish the sentences
1. The national flag of Australia is …
2. The national day of Australia is …
3. There are 6 states and …
4. Rivers fill with water only …
5. Australia is known for …
6. The koala is one …
7. Platypus is web – footed duck …
8. The states of Australia are …
9. Canberra is …
10. Sydney is …
11. The population of Australia is …
12. The national language is …
13. The music of Australia is …
14. The most popular sport is …
15. Australia is …
IV. Compose dialogues about Australia.
V. Find interesting information about Australia.
МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ПО ТЕМІ
«NEW ZEALAND»
I. Read the texts
ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE
What is the kiwi?
What side do they drive in NZ?
What is Mount Cook?
New Zealand is an island country, 1000 miles of Australia. It covers 268,680 sq km. The original name of NZ is Aotearoa /Land of the Long Cloud/. This mountainous island nation lies in the South Pacific about 1,600 km southeast of Australia. The highest peak in NZ is Mount Cook /3764 m/. There are forests of pine like kauri trees. The longest River is the Waikato /425km/. NZ has hundreds of waterfalls. Southerland Falls is 580 m high. It is the 5th highest waterfall in the world. The two principal land forms are North Island and South Island. Stewart Island and Chatham Islands are far to the east. Small islands are uninhabited. The more populous North Island has fertile agricultural land, the largest man-made forest in the Southern Hemisphere, and a few is plated snowcapped volcanoes. It also boasts hot springs, mud pools, and geysers in its thermal region. On South Island, the Southern Alps provide opportunities for skiing. There are many glaciers, lakes, and rivers. Coastal fjords rival those of Norway. Coastal lowland are used for agriculture. Both islands have many sandy beaches. NZ has 400 earthquakes a year, but only 100 of them are strong.
The climate is temperate, with plenty of sunshine and adequate rainfall. The country is well watered. In the winter high humidity makes it cold /4C/. The peaks have ice-caps. Summer temperature is 23C. The seasons are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere. January is in the middle of summer and July is in the middle of winter.
Animal life. Animals have been introduced from other countries. Two species of bats are the only native land mammals. NZ has no snakes. But the tuatara, a native prehistoric reptile still lives in NZ. Native birds are kakapo parrot, kiwi, takahe and weka. The kiwi is the only bird with nostrils. The kiwi is apteryx, it cannot fly. The kiwi has a stocky body with brown feathers, an a long, flexible bill. Its relationship to other birds is obscure. Kiwi is so popular that it became a nickname for a New Zealander and a nonflying serviceman of the air service.
The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. Its population is 325,000. British settlers founded Wellington in 1840. The capital was moved there from Auckland, the largest city, because of Wellington's central location.
Wellington is also a port and manufacture center. It lies along the harbor of port Nicholson. The port of Wellington handles foreign trade. Factories assemble automobiles. The city is the home of Victoria University of Wellington. Places of interest include the parliament buildings, two cathedrals, the Dominion Museum National Art Gallery and Michael Fowler Center., -
Economy. NZ has a modern economy. 5% of the population is employed in agriculture. NZ has 3 million dairy cattle, 5 million beef cattle and 6 million sheep. The country is the world's largest producer of kiwi fruit. NZ farmers produce chicken and eggs, deer, goats an pigs. Chief crops ate barley, potatoes and wheat. NZ loggers cut down 10 million cubic meters of timber yearly. Most of this t iber comes from the radiata pine.NZ exports wool, lamb, mutton, and beef, fruit, fish and cheese. NZ is the world's largest exporter of wool. Industries include food processing, textiles, machinery, wood and paper products. The chief fish in NZ water include barracuda, hoki, orange roughy, red cod snapper. Rock lobster are trapped along the coast. Fish and frozen fish and rock: lobster tails rank as important exports. Oyster farming is developed too. Tourism i s a vital economic sector. Real gross domestic product per capita-is $ 14,990. Unemployment is low but higher among Maori. A free-trade agreement with Australia has boosted trade. Economic growth has averaged 4-8 %. One of KNZ’s major concerns is finding new overseas markets for its diary and wheat production. The currency is the New Zealand dollar (NZ$).
Transportation and communication. A private car is the preferred mode of transportation. In NZ they drive on the left side. Many urban residents ride a bus to work. All major cities have good bus systems. Trains and a domestic airline also operate between cities. Many people use bicycles. Ferries carry passengers and cars between the two main islands. Numerous radio and TV stations and other media operate throughout NZ.
HISTORY AND PEOPLE
Who discovered New Zealand?
Who gave the name to New Zealand?
Do schoolchildren wear uniform in NZ?
Population. New Zealand's population is about 4 million. 80% are Pakeha /Europeans/, 10% are Maori /“Usual”/. 6% Pakeha are part-Maori. The Maori live on North Island. Tongans, Samoans and Cook Islanders are 5% of population. Chinese and Indians comprise 2%. Aukland holds 25% the nation's people.
History. The first discovery of theislands is attributed to Kupe, the Polynesian explorer. Maori migrations from Polynesian Islands began before AD 900. These early Maori were warlike but highly organized and skilled.
In 1642, Dutch explorer A. Tasman sighted the islands and named them Staten Landt. He did not go ashore because of an unfriendly Maori reception. Dutch geographers changed the island's name into New Zealand after the Dutch province of Zealand.
England's Captain Cook visited the Maori in 1769 and opened the door to European settlement. In 1840, the Maori and Great Britain signed the treaty. The British monarch granted the Maori legal protection. Colonization proceeded rapidly after 1840. The Maori population declined. In 1852, Britain granted NZ self-government.
In 1907 it became an independent dominion. The Maori population integrated with Europeans. However, the Maori have many distinct aspects of their culture. Many New Zealanders stand for a fully independent republic.
Language. English and Maori are both official languages. Maori people also speak English. 10% of Pakeha speak Maori. Many Maori words /Pakeha, kiwi, etc./ have been adopted into English.
Religion. 81% are Christians /Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Methodists/. 11% attend church. 1% of people are Hindu or Buddhist. There are Rotana and Ringatu churches of Maori.
Government. New Zealаnd is a constitutional monarchy. New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is represented by a governor general. Until 1840 New Zealand had no legal government. Britain gave New Zealand constitution in 1852. The head of the government is the prime minister. Parliament is called the House of Representatives. It has 120 seats. New Zealand is divided into 16 regions, 57 districts, and 16 towns. There are 4 main political parties. The voting age is 18. In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to give women the right to vote.
Education. Education is free and compulsory between 6 and 19. Many enter school at 5. Children under 5 attend kindergartens or play centers. Secondary education begins at 13. Secondary school students wear uniforms. Some schools are for boys and some for girls. Some schools are operated by the Roman Catholic Church. New Zealand correspondence school is in Wellington. Students who live very far from the roads may receive instruction. The school broadcast daily lessons to the students who send their homework back to the teachers. A state exam in the fifth year of secondary school is required for university admission. The government administers 7 universities. Tuition is too high for some students. Technical and vocational education is available. The adult literacy rate is 99%.
Literature. The detective stories by NZ author Dame Marsh have become popular throughout the world.
Music. The NZ Symphony Orchestra is internationally known.
Health. Social security program covers the aged, disabled, sick, and unemployed. The public health-care system is maintained by taxes. Public hospitals serve the poor. Private hospitals receive some government subsidies. Medical facilities are good. The infant mortality rate is 7 per 1,000. Life expectancy ranges between 73 and 80 years.
Army. The NZ Army has a total of 11,000. All military service is voluntary.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
What is Gidday?
Can you greet in Maori way?
What is ANZAC Day?
General Attitudes, New Zealanders are open, friendly, and hospitable. Their lifestyle is relaxed and informal. They discuss leisure activities and family interests. They are practical people. They enjoy working around their homes and gardens. They value home, a good education, and friendship. New Zealanders have a bicultural society in which Pakeha and Maori share many values. Some Maori stand for greater autonomy.
Personal appearance. In NZ western-style clothing is the standard. People wear casual clothing in public. It is unusually neat and clean. Adults wear shorts for recreational activities. Europeans fashions are popular, but NZ also has its own fashion industry. Maori wear traditional costumes for ceremonies and cultural events.
Greetings. New Zealanders greet with a handshake and Gidday. Maori may greet with a hug or a traditional hongi- pressing noses together with eyes closed. Hello in Maori is Tena korua.. Upon parting, Maori may say Haere ra - Farewell.
Gestures. In NZ waving at a friend is a sign of recognition. Young people like to raise both eyebrows in die direction of their friend. It is polite to avoid chewing gum in public. Personal space must be observed.
Visiting. New Zealanders like to have friends over for dinner. Garden barbecues are especially popular on weekends. Dinner guests take a gift: good wine, a potted plant, a box of chocolates or а кока /gift money/. Guests are expected to feel at home. They may remove their shoes. Even a repairman would be offered a drink. Dropping unannounced is quite common. Inviting people for afternoon tea /3:00 P.m./ is also popular. Common refreshments include coffee, tea, soft drinks, finger sandwiches, cakes, biscuits and cookies.
Eating. New Zealanders eat a light breakfast by &00 a.m. Lunch is in the early afternoon, and dinner /"tea"/ is around 6p.m. People eat in the continental style - forkin the left and the knife in the right hand. Hands are kept above the table. When finished with a meal, a person places the utensils parallelonthe plate. When people eat out, dinner is close to 8 p.m. In a fine restaurant, the staff lets diners take their time. New Zealanders don't tip.
Lifestyle. Family. A traditional Pakeha family has two parents and two children. It is common for both parents to work. Family ties are looser then they once were. Most families own their homes. Among Polynesians in some cases several generations live together in one house.
Dating and Marriage. Most New Zealand parents restrict one-to-one dating until their children are 15 or 16. Group social activities began at 12. The youth enjoy going to movies, dancing and having parties. Older teens may go with a group to the local pub for dancing and drinking. People usually marry in their mid- 20s. Weddings can be lavish wit a home or garden ceremony, sit-down meal and a dance.
Diet. New Zealanders eat much butter and meat. Lamb is a favourite теal. Kumaras /sweet potatoes/ may accompany lamb. A special treat is toheroa soup made of native green clam. Tea is the favourite drink of the most New Zealanders. Beer and Wine are popular alcoholic beverages. In the NZ diet kaimoana /seafood/ and fresh vegetables play a great role. Beef, pork, roast lam and fish are common. Now people prefer hamburgers, pizza and chips. Vegemite /yeast extract/ is used as a bread spread, but peanut butter, honey and jam are also popular. Fruits include apples, bananas, apricots, peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, strawberries, and tomatoes. New Zealanders believetheir cheeses and ice cream are best in the world. A ceremonial Maori meal is the hungi, a combination of meat, seafood, potatoes, kumara /sweet potatoes/ and carrot cooked in wire racks lined with cabbage leaves. The dish is steamed'for hours in an шли /earth oven/.
Recreation. Many New Zealanders love sports. Rugby and soccer are popular in winter. Cricket is a favourite sport in the summer. Girls and women often play netball, a half-court game similar to a basket- ball. Tennis, law bowling, and athletics are enjoyed too. There are many opportunities for mountaineering, tramping /hiking/, fishing, hunting, swimming, jogging and sailing. The climate makes it possible in any season. Snow-capped mountains attract many skiers. Yachting along the coast is a popular activity. Fishing for marlin, shark or sward fish is popular too. Lake Taupo provides year round traut fishing. Gardening is one of the most popular leisure activities! Many city families small cabins in a resort areas where they go on weekends.
Holidays. Official public holiday include New Year's /1-2 January/, Waitangi Day/6 February, for the 1840 treaty/, Easter, Anzac /25 April, to honour the armed forces and war dead/, Queen Elizabeth's Birthday /first Monday in June/, Labour Day /fourth Monday in October/, Christmas and Bjudng Day /26 December/. Boxing Day comes from the old British tradition of giving small-boxed gifts to service workers after Christmas. It is now a day to visit and relax. Each region celebrates an Anniversary Day.
Gardens. New Zealand is a gardener's paradise. A visitor's first impression of this country is one of green. 800 New Zealand gardens open to visitors. Kiwis /as New Zealanders call themselves/ like to show off their gardens. In this small country the open gardens add a social aspect to a favourite pastime.
Most of the people live on the North Island where it s warmer and drier with golden beaches, thermal areas, ancient Kauri pines and large cities.
Pukeiti, located on the west coast of North Island, is a grand expression of Kiwi passion for gardening. It was established in 1952. Here one can hike miles of grassy walkways on an ancient volcanic hill to explore one of the largest collections of rhododendrons in the world.
South Island is a land of more striking climatic contrasts. Climatic diversity with long isolation from other Continents has resulted in the evolution of a unique native flora, which Kiwis call 'the bush". Christchurch, a city on the east coast proudly lives up to its title of "garden city". Each February the Christchurch Floral Festival is celebrated with a garden show. A number of private gardens are open to visitors for the occasion.
Extravagant floral floats are set a drift in the Avon River to delight local residents and visitors from around the world. A spectacular floral carpet is setup in the gothic Christchurch Cathedral.
Kiwi accept nature as a partner. If an area is wet, they create a garden of bog primulas. In many Kiwi gardens, the foliage is more important than the flowers.
New Zealand gardeners are masters of microclimate. They are able to grow a very wide range of plants in small gardens. For them gardening is a way of life.
