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:




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,




: , , , , , , - . , , , .

.

, : , , , , . .

: , , ( ) .

. , . X, 2,..., (1) p1, (2) = 2 . . X (. 1).

1

X 1 2 3 4 5
p1 p2 4 5
(2.9)

(. 2.1), :

, . (2.9) .

 

* , . (. 2).

2

X            
1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6

 

* . 49. (. 3).

 

3

X        
1/49 1/49 1/49 1/49

. l (l , 0, 1, 2 3). (); , , . . , [1 - ()].

l = 0 , . , (2.6),

( ) = [1 - () ] [1 - () ][1 - ()] = [1 - ()]3.

l = 1 , . (2.6)

( ) = () [1 - () ][1 - ()] = () [1 - ()]2.

l = 1 : ( ) ( ), , (2.4), l = 1, :

( , , ) = () [1 - () ]2.

l = 2 , . , , :

( , , ) = 2() [1 - () ].

l = 3 . ,

( ) = 3().

, (. 4).

4

l     2  
[1- () ]3 () [1 - () ] 2 2() [1 - () ] 3()

 

, l :

(2/10)

= (); - l,


 

* 0,5. , ; () = 0,5, = 6, l = 4.

(2.10):

 

 

. , , , . .

( ) :

(2.11)

 


X x1, x2,..., 1, 2, , .

n , 1/, 2/,... , . .

* ,
(. . 2).

(2.11):

() = 1 1/6 + 2 1/6 + 3 1/6 + 4 1/6 + 5 1/6 + 6 1/6 = 7/2 = 3,5.

*
, (. . 3).

(2.11),

() = 1 1/49 + 2 1/49 +... + 49 1/49 = 25.

, (), (). ? , X - (), ( ) : [ - () ]. , , , . [ - () ], [ - () ]2. , .

:

D(X) = [ - () ]2 (2.12)

D(X) = (2) - [ () ]2. (2.13)

, X .

* ,
(. . 2).

3,5. : (1 - 3,5)2 = 6,25; (2 - 3,5)2 = 2,25; (3 - 3,5)2 = 0,25; (4 - 3,5)2 = 0,25; (5 - 3,5)2 = 2,25; (6 - 3,5)2 = 6,25. (2.12) (2.11) :

D(X) = 6,25 1/6 + 2,25 1/6 + 0,25 1/6 + 0,25 1/6 + + 2,25 1/6 + 6,25 1/6 = 2,9167. , (2.13):

[ () ]2 = 3,52 = 12,25; (2) = I2 1/6 + 22 1/6 + 2 1/6 + 42 1/6 + 52 1/6 +

+ 62 1/6 = 15,1667;

D(X) = 15,1667 - 12,25 = 2,9167.

(2.12), . , , :

(2.14)

. , . .

dP , X + dx. , dx, dP: dP ¥ dx. , , ,

dP = f(x)dx, (2.15)

f(x) , . , , dx , :

f(x) = dP/dx. (2.16)

(2.15) , , - (ab):

(2.17)

(2.18)

 

:

(2.19)

(2.19), , , :

 

(2.20)

(2.21) (2.21)

 





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