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. This is in contrast to bureaucracy which relies on a set of defined rules and set hierarchy in accomplishing organizational goals. , . The term was popularized by Alvin Toffler in the 1970s. 1970-.
Adhocracy allows organizations to operate in a more flexible manner. . This flexibility can work well in fast-changing industries where organizations that can identify and act on new opportunities the fastest have a competitive advantage. , , . Adhocracy may also work best with smaller organizations where managers are still able to comprehend and direct the organization when necessary. Adhocracy allows organizations to operate in a more flexible manner. , . On the other hand, adhocracy may become chaotic or inefficient in large organizations where, for example, work may be duplicated by several teams. , , , , . Poorly defined working roles may prove ineffective where team members are unaware of the scope of their roles, and thus desired or necessary work is not carried out. , , .
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