- .. , . . , , .
- .. , . .,
-
-
, 2010
.., 2010
(). , . , . . .
2 , . , , . . - . . : , , , , . . , . , . . , . , .
, . , , , . . , , , .
|
|
|
Revision. Tenses. .
Active and Passive Voices
: (Active Voice and Passive Voice). , . , , , , .
, , by, , ( ). to be , , II (Participle II). , , Future Continuous Perfect Continuous.
:
)
I knew why these contracts had not been signed by the 1st of September.
, 1 .
The annual report has been approved unanimously.
.
) ,
The terms of goods delivery are being discussed now.
.
) - (3 . )
This article on problems of demography has been typed recently.
.
, , , ( to agree on, to look at, to insist on, to send for, to refer to, to depend on, to think of), . - .
His report at the conference was much spoken about.
.
These scientists works are often referred to.
.
The Active Voice
| Aspect Tense | Simple/ (, ) to V | Continuous (Progressive)/ ( ) to be Ving | Perfect/ (- , , ) to have V3 | Perfect Continuous/ (, - - ) to have been Ving |
| Present - | V, V-s (3., ..) write (s) () (?,-: do, does) | am, is, are Ving am/is/are writing () | have, has V3 have / has written () | have/has been Ving have/has been writing ( ) |
| Past - | V-ed, V2 wrote () (?, -: did) | was, were Ving was/were writing ( 5 , ) | had V3 had written ( 5 , ) | had been Ving had been writing ( , ) |
| Future | shall V will shall/will write () |
 shall be Ving
will
shall/will be writing
( 5 , )
|
 shall have V3
will
shall/will have written
( 5 )
|
 shall have
will been
Ving
shall/will have been writing
( , )
|
The Passive Voice
|
|
|
| Aspect Tense | Simple/ (, ) | Continuous (Progressive)/ ( ) | Perfect/ ( , , ) |
| Present | am/is/are sent () | am/is/are being sent () | have/has been sent () |
| Past | was/were sent () | was/were being sent ( ) | had been sent (, ) |
| Future | shall/will be sent () | shall/will have been sent (, ) |
Practice
Ex. 1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the tenses of Active Voice. Can you explain why these tenses are used?
1. Since 1996, the number of households with computers has more than doubled.
2. The television remains the most common household appliance in Stanley but mobile telephones have rapidly become a popular item amongst the capital's residents.
3. The panic in world financial markets has led to sharp falls in share prices and led to the contraction of credit markets.
4. I have been working at the same office since I graduated from the university.
5. She advised me to contact the Dean but I had already contacted him.
6. One of the most amazing predictions I have heard about the twenty-first century is that we will be living longer and longer.
7. As soon as I receive the invitation, I shall go to Moscow.
8. In Victorian times Britain held the first place in export of capital and in investments around the world
9. Students will be able to go to Moscow during their winter holidays after they take their exams.
10. Mary was still working with the computer in the laboratory when she heard the alarm signal.
Ex. 2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the tenses of Passive Voice. Can you explain why these tenses are used?
1. Shaw warned in his speech that the marketing department is undervalued, without marketing people won't buy more and more of your product."
2. A lot of money is spent on ineffective schemes.
3. It is anticipated that the project will be completed during the 2012/13 financial year.
4. Transport links, both within the Islands and to the world outside, have been transformed.
5. The private sector has blossomed and numerous new businesses have been created.
6. Cooperation is spelt with two letters W-E. (George M. Verity)
7. The first English colony in North America was founded by the Pilgrims, who sailed from the English city of Plymouth in the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts Bay in 1620.
8. The Falkland Islands are situated in the South Atlantic, some 650 kilometres (400 miles) from the South American mainland and 1,400 kilometres (850 miles) north of the Antarctic Circle.
|
|
|
9. The visa application requires two passport photos and a colour copy of the passport, which can be scanned and emailed.
10. Companies are charged Corporation Tax at 21% on the first £1 million and any amount thereafter at 26%.
Ex. 3. Choose the correct form of the English verb for translating Russian verbs in brackets. Translate the sentences.
1. A century ago the main items of British export () textile, iron, machinery and wool.
2. Since early times countries () in trading those goods in which they () great competitiveness.
3. Advertising () as one of the popular means to promote new products in the market.
4. You () ever to London? Yes, I () there when the exhibition of our goods () there.
5. Where is John? I () for him for ages! Don't wait for him. When I () home an hour ago he () his things.
6. As soon as I () from my business trip, I () you up.
7. The speaker () a short pause to stress his words. The students () him with great attention.
8. Our company () 50 types of new goods since 2000.
9. A variety of electronic equipment () by Japan.
10.In the past, wool and coal () as the main sources of energy by man.
Ex. 4. Match the parts to complete the sentences.
1. Petrol prices
2. This jacket
3. Competition! 5000 prizes
4. Five people
5. The telephone
6. It appeared the phone bill
7. Further information
8. Before the storm everyone
9. Smoking
10. The old town theatre
a) to be won.
b) have been increased.
c) has been disconnected
d) will be sent to candidates.
e) was made in Hong Kong.
f) were killed in the rally.
g) is not permitted anywhere
on this station.
h) had not been paid.
i) is currently being rebuilt.
j)was told to stay inside their homes.
(From Collins)
Ex. 5. Choose the correct option. Translate the sentences.
1. Each Parliament ______ for up to five years and _______ into annual sessions.
| A. lasts, is divided; | B.is lasting, is dividing; | C. will last, will dvide; |
2. Nowadays valuable metal generally ________ by paper notes.
| A was replaced; | Breplaces; | C is replaced; |
3. Your application ____________.
| A was rejected; | Bhas been rejected; | Crejected; |
4. A professional tax accountant ____________ next week.
| Awill hire; | Bwill be hired; | Chas been hired; |
5. Plenty of ideas ___________ yesterday on how to make their departments more
effective.
| Aare offered; | Bhave offered; | Cwere offered; |
Ex. 6. Put the parts of sentences in the correct order.
1. Nobody /why / he / had to sign / told him / those documents.
2. They ve been / shares / since January / selling.
3. A lot of joint ventures / in different branches / have been / of industry / set up/ and in the service sector.
4. They / some market research / had done / the company / before they set up.
5. The contract / by the presidents / by the 1st of September / will have been signed / of the companies.
6. I / whether / of the company / the representatives / by road or by air / enquired / would come.
Ex. 7. Use the verb in the brackets in the proper tense and voice. Translate the sentences.
1. The application form (not to complete) properly so the personnel office (to return) it.
2. The climate (to characterise) by a narrow temperature range, which (to vary) from 24C (76F) in January to -5C (22F) in July, with an average annual temperature of about 5.6C (42F).
3. The position (to fill) so the personnel department (to refuse) to accept any more applications.
|
|
|
4. Because they (to be) relatively durable and portable, books (to use) for centuries to preserve and distribute information.
5. After I (to graduate) from the Institute, I (to try) to find a job in a big
company.
1. 2. Sequence of tenses.
:
1. , , :
I suppose that you will be present at the conference. ,
.
2. , .
) ( ), , Past Simple Past Continuous. , , :
He said that he worked much. , .
He said that he was working at his design. ,
.
) , , , Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous :
said that he had finished hisdesign. , ()
.
said that he had been working for more than an hour when we arrived.
, , .
: (, , , ), Past Simple: He said he arrived at 7. , 7 .
) , , Future-in-the-Past:
He said he would translate the article. , .
said he would be translating it till 5 o'clock. ,
5 .
said he would have translated this text by the end of the lesson.
, .
: , , : He said that winter is followed by spring. , .
3.
, , , . , - , , .
She entered a department of Municipal and State Management as she wants
to be an economist.
, .
I found a very interesting book on marketing which I shall give you as soon
as you come. ,
, .
