1 :
1.... is a laboratory worker.
2.... are pharmaceutical students.
3.... is carbon dioxide.
4.... am a student of the Medical University.
5.... works at a pharmaceutical plant.
6.... is a chemical element.
7.... are in class now.
8.... is a nurse.
9.... are from Novosibirsk.
10.... use medicinal plants.... are useful.
11.... is my friend.
12. Give me the test-tube.... is on the table.
13. People need medicines.... buy them at a pharmacy.
2 :
1. I see a reaction, I see...
2. I know the girl, I know...
3. Ask your teacher about it, ask...
4. Give... these books, give...
5. This test is for me and you, it is for...
6. My brother gave... a book, he gave... to...
7. You can perform these analyses, you can perform...
3 :
1. Tell him not to forget... prescription.
2. Take this box.... remedy is ready.
3. She opened... book.
4. We are pharmaceutical students.... faculty is new.
5. This is a gas.... colour is green.
6. Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds.... molecule has carbon atom.
III Writing a prescription
| A, aa., or a a. c. ad a. d. ad lib. a. m. amp.. ante aq. a.s. asa a.u. b. i. d. BP BSA c. or c cap. or caps. cp D. A. W. cc or cc. comp. dil. D. C., dc disp. div. dl or dL d. t. d. DW DSW elix. e. m. p. et ex aq. fl or fld fl oz ft. g or Gm gal. GI gr or gr. gtt or gtt. H h. or hr. h.s. IM inj. IV IVP IVPB K l or L lb. M mcg., or g mEq mg or mg. ml or mL l or l. N&V Na N.F. No. noct. non rep. NPO N. S., NS, 1/2 NS O o.d. | of each before meals to, up to right ear at pleasure, freely morning ampule before water left ear aspirin each ear, both ears twice a day British Pharmacopoeia body surface area with capsule chest pain dispense as written cubic centimeter compound, compounded dilute discontinue dispense divide, to be divided deciliter give of such doses distilled water dextrose 5% in water elixir as directed and in water fluid fluid ounce make gram gallon gastrointestinal grain drop, drops hypodermic hour at bedtime intramuscular injection intravenous intravenous push intravenous piggyback potassium liter pound Creek mu mix microgram milliequivalent milligram milliliter microliter, minim nausea and vomiting sodium National Formulary number night, in the night do not repeat nothing by mouth normal saline half-strength normal saline pint right eye, every day | o. l. or o. s. OTC o. u. oz. p. c. PDR p. m. p. o. Ppt pr prn or p. r. n. pt. pulv. pv q. q. d. q. h. q. 4 hr. q. I. d. q. o. d. q. s. q. s. ad R R. L. or R/L R s.or s Sig Sol. s.o. b. s. o. s. ss. or ss stat. subc, or s. c. sup. or supp susp. syr. tab tal. tal. dos. tbsp. or T t. i. d. tr. or tinct. tsp. or t. TT U or u. u. d. or dict. ung. U. S. P. w/v a.c. h i ne.rep. (n.r.) p.r.n. Sig. i.i.stat i.q. 4h. in Tabs t.i.d. i.d. | left eye over the counter each eye, both eyes ounce after meals Physicians Desk Reference afternoon, evening by mouth _ precipitated for the rectum as needed pint' powder for vaginal use every every day every hour every four hours four times a day every other day a sufficient quantity a sufficient quantity to make rectal Ringer's lactate prescription without write on label solution shortness of breath if there is need (once only) one-half immediately subcutaneously suppository suspension syrup tablet such, such a one such doses tablespoonful three times a day tincture teaspoonful tablet triturates unit as directed ointment United States Pharmacopoeia weight/volume before meal hour one or one time not to be repeated as needed signature two tablets at once one capsule every 4 hours mix. tabl e ts three times a day once a day |
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IV
The English Prescription
The language of the prescription was unique in Great Britain some half of a century ago when all the names of drugs were latinized. It was possible because the physician used only dosed drugs. Today all prescriptions are written in English The only Latin which is used is few traditional abbreviations in the direction to the pharmacist and on the label.
A more serious problem is the naming of drugs. The generic or official name is shorter than the chemical name. Generic names should be used as the language of prescriptions. For example, ampicillin the generic name of a well known antibiotic; alpha-aminobenzyl P its chemical name; Omnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin, etc. are its trade names.
It goes without saying that a prescription cannot be written without a very good knowledge of the dose effects of drugs. Each drug has its own dose specification dependent on pharmacological properties, metabolism of the drug. It should have the following information:
1 Name and address of the physician and his telephone number. The title M.D. (Medical Doctor) should follow the physicians name to indicate that he or she is a physician.
2 Usually at the top patients name, address, age and the date.
3 Symbol Rx. This is about the same as Dear Sir on top of a letter. It comes from Latin and means a command for a patient you take.
4 The body of the prescription contains the name of the drug and the dose.
5 Under the body of the prescription should be written the directions to the pharmacist. It is called subscription. In modern prescriptions it consists only of the form of the medicine (powder, tablet, capsules,) and the number of units.
6 The directions to the patients as to how he should take the medicine. It is called the label or signature.
V. Case Analyss.
