2025 .
()
Ar,req ≥ N / (Rp γc), (2)
Rp . 52* [1].
() :
lw,req = N / [n kf(Rwβ γw)min γc];(4)
hr,req = lr,req + 1 .
85 βkf.
(), . , ().
1. : 235;
N = 2 Q = 700 .
. 11
3. :
Ry = 23 /2; R = 36 /2 ( . 51*);
R = 32,7 /2 (. 52*);
Rs = 0,58 Ry = 0,58 23 = 13,34 /2;
42 (. 55*);
Rwf = 18 /2; Rwun = 410 (. 56);
Rwz = 0,45 Run = 0,45 36 = 16,2 /2.
.
Ar,req ≥ N / (Rp γc) = 700 / (32,7 1,0) = 21,4 2.
tpl = 20 ,:
z = brb + 2 tpl = 24 + 2 2 = 28 .
:
tr,req = Ar,req / z = 21,4 / 28 = 0,76 .
tr = 8 .
.
βfRwf γwf = 0,7 18 0,85 = 10,71 /2;
βz Rwz γwz = 1,0 16,2 0,85 = 13 77 /2.
.
lw,req = N / (n kf βf Rwf γwf γc) = 700 / (4 0,6 0,7 18 0,85 1,0) = 27,2 c;
hr,req = lr,req + 1 = 27,2 + 1 = 28,2 .
lw,max = 85 βfkf = 85 0,7 0,6 = 35,7 >28,2 . .
hr = 290 .
.
Τ = N / As = N / ( 2 hr tw) = 700 / (2 29 0,6) = 20,11 /2 > Rsγc = 13,34/2
. , :
hr,req = N / ( 2 tw Rsγc) = 700 / (2 0,6 13,34 1,0) = 47,73 .
hr = 480 .
. .
:
twv = N / ( 2 hr Rsγc) = 700 / (2 29 13,34 1,0) = 0,91 .
twv = 10 (. . 12).
. 12
2. .
1. :
z = brb + 2 tpl = 24 + 2 2 = 28 .
σ = N / Asp = N / (z tw) =
= 700 / (28 0,6)> Rp γc = 32,7 /2.
.
2. .
twv = N / (zRp γc) =
= 700 / (28 32,7 1,0) = 0,765 .
twv = 8 .
|
|
. 13
3. , :
lw,req = N / (n kf βf Rwf γwf γc) = 700 / (4 0,6 0,7 18 0,85 1,0) = 27,2 c;
hwv,req = lr,req + 1 = 27,2 + 1 = 28,2 ..
85 βfkf = 85 0,7 0,6 = 35,7 .
hwv = 290 .
3. .
:
z = 2 bor + twb + 2 tpl =
= 2 11 + 0,8 + 2 2 =
= 26,8 .
σ = Q / Apf = Q / (tf∙ z) =
=350 / (1,6 26,8) = 8,2 /2 < Rp γc = 32,7 /2.
. 14
kf = 7 (. . 38* [1]).
4. : N = 1200 ; 235; 40 (tw = 8 ).
.15
1. .
tr,req = N / (Rp∙ γc) = 1200 / (32,7 1,0) = 36,7 2;
z = bor + 2 tpl = 24 +
+ 2∙ 2 = 28 c;
ttr,req = Atr,req / z = = 36,7 / 28 = 1,31 .
ttr = 14 .
2. .
, , (4) kf = 6 :
lw,req = 1200 / (4∙ 0,6∙ 0,7∙ 18∙ 0,85∙ 1,0 = 46,7 .
() , 85 β∙ kf = = 85 ∙ 0,7 ∙ 0,6 = ∙ 35,7 .
(βf = 0,9).
lw,req = 1200 / (4∙ 0,6∙ 0,9∙ 18∙ 0,85∙ 1,0 = 36,3 < 0,85∙ 0,9∙ 0,6 = 45,9 .
htr,req = lw,req + 1 = 36,3 + 1 = 37,3 .
, 40 40 .
htr = 37,3 + 2∙ 4 = 45,3 . htr = 460 .
3. .
m m:
τtr = N / As = N /[ 2 ttr∙(htr - 2 Δ) =
= 1200 / [2∙ 1,4∙ (46 - 2∙ 4)] = 11,3 /2 < Rs∙ γc = 0,58 ∙ 23 = 13,34 /2.
k k:
τtr = N / Aw = N /( 4 ttr∙ htr) =
= 1200 / (4∙ 46∙ 0,8)] = 8,15 /2 < 13,34 /2.
4. , ; kf = 6 (. . 38 [1] tpl = 20 ).
5. : Q = 1000 .
. 16
1. .
Atr,req ≥ Q / (Rp γc) = 1000 / (32,7 1,0) = 30,6 2.
z = 2 br + tw + 2 tpl = 2∙ 12 + 1 + 2∙ 2 = 29 c;
ttr,req = Atr,req / z = 30,6 / 29 = 1,06 .
ttr = 11 .
2. .
, , (4) kf = 8 ( βf = 0,9):
lw,req = 1000 / (2∙ 0,8∙ 0,9∙ 18∙ 0,85∙ 1,0 = 45,4 .
, [1] 85 βf∙ kf = 85 ∙ 0,9 ∙ 0,8 = ∙ 61,2 .
|
|
htr,req = lw,req + 1 = 45,4 + 1 = 46,4 .
htr = 470 .
kf = 6 (. 38* [1]).
, ( ) . ( ).
, . . 2040 . 10 .
, , :
. 17
- βf∙ Rwf γwf < βz∙ Rwz∙ γwz
τ w = 1,3 N / (βf kf∙ Σlw) ≤ Rwf γwf γc;
- βf∙ Rwf γwf > βz∙ Rwz∙ γwz
τ w = 1,3 N / (βz kf∙ Σlw) ≤ Rwz γwz γc.
1,3 - , .
, , 34 , .
6. : R = 2000 ; 345.
1. [1] : Ry = 31,5 /2; .
50, Rwf = 21,5 /2; Run = 47 /2; Rwz = 0,45 Run = 0,45∙ 47 = 21,15 /2; βf = 0,7; βz = 1,0; γwf = 1,0; γwz = 0,85.
2. :
βf∙ Rwf γwf = 0,7 21,5 1,0 = 15,05 /2;
βz∙ Rwz∙ γwz = 1,0∙ 21,15∙ 0,85 = 17,98 /2.
.
3. kf∙ = 10 , :
lw ≥ 1, 3RA / ( 2 βf κf Rwf γwf γc) = 1,3 ∙ 2000 / (2 ∙ 0,7 ∙ 1,0 ∙ 21,5 ∙ 1,0 ∙ 1,0) = 86,4 .
. , , 2040 .
, , . ( ).
4. , RA.
345, R = 42,7 /2.
:
Ar = RA / Rp∙ γc = 2000 / (42,7∙ 1,0) = 46,84 2.
tr = 20 ,
br = Ar / tr = 46,84 / 2 = 23,42 c.
br = 240 ; bst = 260 .
RA :
lw ≥ 1, 3RA / (βf κf Rwf γwf γc) = 1,3 ∙ 2000 / (0,7 ∙ 2,0 ∙ 21,5 ∙ 1,0 ∙ 1,0) = 86,4 .
κf = 20 . (. .).
5. RA Me = r=RA∙ e.
|
|
:
e = tst tr / 2 = 40 20 / 2 = 30 .
. 18
Me = 2000∙ 3 = 6000 ∙ .
:
Aw = [ 2 (lst 1 ) + bst]∙βf∙ κf = [2(32 1) + 26]∙ 0,7∙ 2,0 = 123,2 2.
, , :
Sw = 2 [βf∙ κf (lst + βf∙ κf 1 ) 2 / 2 + bst(βf∙ κf) 2 / 2 ] =
=2 [0,7∙2 (32 + 0,7∙ 2,0 1)2 / 2 + 26 (0,7∙ 2)2 / 2] = 1587,5 3.
:
Zw = Sw / Aw = 1587,5 / 123,2 = 12,9 .
, x 1 - x 1
Jx 1 = 2 { βf∙ κf (lst + βf∙ κf 1 ) 3 / 12 +
+ βf∙ κf (lst + βf∙ κf 1 )∙[ (lst + βf∙ κf 1 )/ 2 zw] 2} +
+ bst (βf∙ κf) 3 / 12 + [bst∙ βf∙ κf (zw - βf∙ κf / 2 ) 2 ] =
= 2 {0,7 ∙ 2,0 ∙ (32 + 0,7∙ 2,0 1)3 / 12 + 0,7∙ 2,0∙ (32 + 0.7∙ 2,0 1)∙ [(32 + 0,7∙ 2,0 -1) / 2 12,9]2} +
+ 26∙ (0,7∙ 2,0)3 / 12 + [26∙ 0,7∙ 2,0 (12,9 0,7∙ 2,0 / 2)2] = 9901 4.
( ) :
Ww,min = Jx 1 / [(lst + βf∙ κf 1 ) zw] = 9901 / [(32 + 0,7∙ 2,0 1) 12,9] = 507,7 3.
:
σw = Me / Ww,min = 6000 / 507,7 = 11,82 /2.
:
τw = RA / Aw = 2000 / 123,2 = 16,2 /2.
C () :
σef = √ σw 2 + τw 2 = √ 11,822 + 16,22 = 20,1 /2 < Rwf∙ γwf = 21,5 ∙ 1,0 = 21,5 /2.
.