. : , ; , ; , , , . , , .
. , . . , - .
.
. . , , , . , , .
, , , - , .
. , .. . . , , bad .
bad health
bad pain
bad wound
bad leg
bad coin
bad debt
, . . . , " " "" " black ". , " rank " ", - ": " rank ingratitude ".
, . , .
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. , , . , . . -, , (Roget' s Thesaurus), - .
, , . .
, , , , ( - ) . , , :
shuttle diplomacy
vicious circle
free economic zone
, . - , .
, , " + " (A+N: Adjective+Noun), :
1) ( ) - :
public opinion public debt public scandal
2) :
stateless citizen
terrorist trial
commercial revolution
3) :
working expectancy --
administrative efficiency --
4) :
I hope you had a good time (sleep). , ().
5) :
jet lag (: ) , ( jet - ) .
, , : On the third day of my stay in California, I still had a jet lag. - . ( 10 .)
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, . , , , . . , strong Canadian opposition . European security .
, . . : the presidential address . , , , , ( ) , (, ).
, , , .
iron fence
circular picture
loud voice ,
short distance ,
wolf's instinct
blazed trail
calf's tail
cast-iron will
at the top of class
hard cash
none too clever
voracious appetite
beaten track
sloppy sentimentality
, , :
The president pursued his better-late-than-never courtship of the Congress.
better late than never ( , ) courtship. : , , , .
+ , (N+N: Noun+Noun - stone wall) , (. ). , :
stone wall (?)
shuttle diplomacy
top trade union leaders (UK)/top labor union leaders (U.S.) (? ?) (?) ( ?) =>
N+N () () :
() weekend rally
seashore bike ride
() space programme -- corruption struggle
, : most-favoured-nation trading status .
1. .
impersonal criticism sad story safe side
remarks look road (way)
discussion event method
pronouns day distance
constructions state of affairs journey
misfortune place
heart delivery
partner
driver
policy
fresh air fair weather full plate generous person
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food day face play
news copy speed help
water hair name lady
sheet of paper decision gift
pay knowledge
exchange portion
chance (helping) allowance
warm colours green tea
milk walls
climate house
clothing grass
welcome belt
temper horn
support fruit
imagination memories
2. .
1. He spoke in a rich, husky voice.
2. He gave us a stare of hard triumph.
3. There was honey, butter and rich red strawberry jam for breakfast.
4. The news of Leo Tolstoy illness created world-wide concern.
5. Environmental pollution is one of the scourges of modern civilisation.
6. Dental students will lobby Parliament today in protest against higher dental charges.
7. Sergeant Holcomb, chewing nervously on a cold cigar, sat at the end of a long oak table.
8. Not long ago the Africans in South Africa had to work either in the gold mines or on the white farms.
9. Bad flooding is expected in the Mekong Delta at the beginning of next month, which will damage the new harvest.
10. Two speeches were made by Tory Ministers this week, which didn't even mention the miners and yet constituted a bitter attack on them.
3. .
- brawn drain
- brown bagger (. .) , - character assassination ,
- communication gap , ,
- double speak 1) ; 2)
- double standard 1) .; 2) -
- educational package
- Gay liberation (.) " "
- Goggle box (, .) , ""
- Job hopper "", ,
- kleptocracy ,
- rap session (. .)
- shock wave , , , -
- shuttle diplomacy
- spaghetti western (. .) : ,
- sweet heart contract, deal , ,
4. :
1. break
2. negotiations break
3. treaty negotiations break
4. ban treaty negotiations break
5. test ban treaty negotiations break
6. weapon test ban treaty negotiations break
7. nuclear weapon test ban treaty negotiations break
8. Geneva nuclear weapon test ban treaty negotiations break
9. Three-Power Geneva nuclear weapon test ban treaty negotiations
break
:
1. structural reorganisation goals
2. Freedom Support Act
3. market reform development scenarios
4. no-more-war-actions call
5. a new space satellite communications system
6. business communication workshop
7. Statistics and Analysis State Committee
8. non-taxable income
9. Parliament civil rights representative
5. , N+N:
1. Interest rate subsidies are envisaged by the government.
2. The street market exchange rate depreciates in line with inflation increase.
3. Money supply growth falls when the budgetary policy remains tight.
4. Full exchange rate liberalization is another market reform target.
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5. The IMF experts have recommended to raise cost recovery ratios in communal services to 50%.
6. Growing inter-enterprise indebtedness may maintain production levels for some time.
7. The Payments Operations Division of the Central Bank is responsible for conducting clearing and settlements.
8. Consumer goods shortages become widespread, as price distortions encourage the informal export of food products to neighboring countries.
5. , -
1. There is no one-size-fits-all way to reduce stress.
2. His bet-you-can't-afford-me jacket was draped over the back of his chair.
3. He gave a grunt which in itself was a masterpiece of diplomacy, conveying a you-must-be-out-of-your-mind message.
4. How could he afford such an expensive car? That won-it-in -the-lottery story had sounded pretty feeble.
5. He responded with the this-is-no-laughing-matter-these-are-my-feelings-you-are-cropping-on grimace he'd learned from his daughter.
, , , :
it's high time ( " ")
take your time ( " ")
help yourself ( " ")
.
. , , . :
( ). ( ).
: to take measures ( ) ; to make a decision ( ) .
, : to take a decision.
, :
to achieve\ accomplish results
:
pay attention ( ) []
draw (smb's) attention [-]
:
1) :
to take a chance to have a rest
2) ( ):
) :
to hit the target
to put an end to ,
to read between lines
) :
to take into account
to make a point
moment of silence
, .
in accordance with
on account of
in addition to
- . :
in case of in the case of
, , .
.
( ), . , , , :
, . :
through thick and thin
tooth and nail ,
it's raining cats and dogs
. , -, . : 1) ; 2) , , ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) - . .
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, .
- . , .
( , - - ). . , -, , , . - , , .
, , , . .
. :
1) , :
to shed crocodile tears
to sugar the pill
lion's share
2) , :
sword of Damocles
to show one's teeth
to start business from scratch
3) , :
) :
East or West home is best. , .
Make hay while the sun shines. , .
You can't eat your cake and have it. . ( .)
) :
to make a mountain out of a molehill (molehill - )
by hook or by crook ,
to beat about the bush
4) : People who live in glass houses should not throw stones , , . - . -, , () . , .
5) , :
to show the white feather , ( )
to cut off with a shilling , , , , , , , , .
.
.
1. , . , , ., :
creeping takeover ,
tape dancing (U.S.) , ,
triple witching hour ,
2. , . , , , :
By that time he had reached the condition to see pink elephants.
pink elephants , " " , : . to see pink elephants , , , .The first recorded use of the term is by Jack London in 1913, who describes one sort of alcoholic in the autobiographical John Barleycorn as "the man whom we all know, stupid, unimaginative, whose brain is bitten numbly by numb maggots; who walks generously with wide-spread, tentative legs, falls frequently in the gutter, and who sees, in the extremity of his ecstasy, blue mice and pink elephants. He is the type that gives rise to the jokes in the funny papers." [ 1 ] London may have derived his metaphor from the 1890s saying "being followed by pink giraffes". [ 2 ]
: , , . "Dead-eye Dick". " ", " ", , , . "The Underdog" " , ", " ", "", . .
3. , : , . , " handwriting on the wall " (" " , ), (" , ", " "). , , .
saw it as clear as a handwriting on the wall.
, -:
() .
() .
.
, :
to sit on the fence ,
red tape , ,
yellow pages ,
red herring , (to draw a red herring across the path - )
, .
4. . , " to come through with flying colours " " "; " ", " , ".
5. , , , .
, , , , to carry coal to Newcastle - ( ). ( ) . , " ", . .
, " when Queen Anne was alive " (: a ) , - : " ", " ". All those courtiers, belles, balls and intrigues came as if from the times when Queen Anne was alive. : ", , ". , - (, " "), (" ").
, , :
to be from Missouri
to grin like a Cheshire cat
he will not set the Thames on fire \
, , - , .
6. , . , "Rome was not built in a day " '' ". , :
Jones was very eloquent to persuade his master, telling him that Rome was not built in a day.
( ): , , , .
7. , , , - . , Ceasar 's wife must be above suspicion " ", , , , , , , .
Madam, you are Ceasar's wife. , .
8. . , . , , every tree is known by its (his) fruit as th tree, so the fruit, : ( , ) ( , , ).
9. , (). . , , . , "Man does not live by bread alone, but by faith, by admiration, by sympathy", " Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedth out of the mouth of God " [, 4, 4] (" He , , "). , : , faith, admiration, sympathy (" "), . " , , " " . , " - , ", " , , .
10. , . έ , ; , , :
Hell's Angels zero option
11. , , , . , " black gold ", , : " " . "fool's gold", (, ), . " fool's gold " " " .
12. , , , , . . - , - " the City of Brotherly Love ", " ", , , : " , ".
13. , , - . , , , . , . , " Put your trust in God, my boys, and keep your powder dry! " : " !". , : , , , , " , ", , " "
14. . , , , , - . , -, , , , , . , , .
, : .
(), .
:
1. :
He gave a little start, and then suddenly burst into a shout of laughter. He laughed so uproariously that people sitting near us looked round, and some of them began to laugh too.
. , , .
to burst into tears (into laughter) ()
2. , - :
The spade was not invariably called a bloody shovel.
to call a spade a spade
3. , : , ;
In spite of the rule he put the cart before the horse. Actually, he did everything in the same manner.
, , . .
4. () : . . . , . , .
His letter came like a thunderbolt. .
to come like a thunderbolt from a clear sky,
to be a thunderbolt from a clear sky
. , .. . , blind with tears/rage/pain etc.
You drink till you're blind with rage. , .
.
, , , , , - .
1. :
To keep one's fingers crossed
On the face of it
Can the leopard change his spots?
A slip of the tongue
In the nick of time
A lame duck
Break a leg!
Alpha and Omega
To keep an eye on something
The black sheep (of the family)
To make (both) ends meet
Out of the blue
To fall between two stools
By fair means or foul
A fly in the ointment
Let sleeping dog lie
To win with a narrow margin
2. . .
1. was sorry for MacGown! There he sat, poor devil! With every one getting up round him, still, and red as a turkey-cock. (J. Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon, part III, ch. VIII)
-. , , .
2. If Mrs. Henry might have read between the lines, she might have had more knowledge of her husband's nature. (R. L. Stevenson, The Master of Ballantrae, ch. IV)
, .
3....he had, in fact, burned the candle at both ends, but he had never been unready to do his fellows a good turn. (J. Galsworthy, Villa Rubein, ch. 3)
..., , .
4." A pretty kettle of fish," he muttered. "Where it'll end, I can't tell." (J. Galsworthy, The White Monkey, part III, ch. VIII)
" , c, , ".
5. Fieta looked at the man to see whether he was pulling her leg. White people didn't write books about coloured people. (P. Abrahams, The Path of Thunder, book II, ch. 3)
: . .
6."You see," he heard say James, "we can't have it all begin over again. There's limit; we must strike while the iron's hot. " (J. Galsworthy, In Chancery, part I, ch. 9)
" , , , . , , ".
7. What did he know of her he had only loved her all her life, looked on her as the apple of his eye! (J. Galsworthy, To Let, part III, ch. 8)
? , .
3. .
1. The mere sound of that ugly name made his blood run cold.
2. He would stand second to none in his devotion to the custom.
3. He knew how the land lay between his hopes and the number of missions Colonel Cathcart was constantly increasing.
4. I thought it my duty to warn you, but I am prepared to take the rough and the smooth.
5. In short, gentlemen, I come to you bearing an olive branch.
6. At last he would return, like a prodigal son, gloomy, worn out, and disgusted with himself.
7. One look showed Swithin his condition. Drunk again. This was the last straw.
8. My uncle was a rich man in other words, he paid the piper.
4. , , :
1. In the times of stagflation many overseas companies pulled over, but somehow we managed to buck the trend, [stagflation - stagnation and inflation] [to pull over - to withdraw from (a business)] [to buck the trend - to do well when other business are doing badly]
2. Let's deal him in and give him a piece of the cake, [to deal smb in -to include smb in an activity or business] [to give smb a piece of cake - to share or divide profits with another person]
3. The manager has put our project into cold storage, so it is still up in the air. [to put smth (usu. a plan or a project) into a cold storage -to put off for consideration at a later date] [up in the air - unsettled]
4. The company has gone on the hook recently, [to go on the hook -to start having debts]
5. The business is slack, and our sales level hardly reaches the breakeven point, [break-even point - a point at which sales cover costs but do not show profits]
6. The proposal went over big with big business. [to go over big to succeed; to be approved of] [big business the world of large, powerful business organizations]
7. All we understood from his double-dutch was that it was supposed to be a Dutch party. [double-dutch speech or writing that sounds meaningless and cannot be understood] [a Dutch party = meal the one at each everybody pays for himself]
5. , , . .
1. But I refuse to condemn others for the mote in their eye when there is a beam in my own.
2. - .
3. They condemned her unanimously, and each and every crowded forward to cast the first stone, lest it might be thought that there was even one among them not without sin.
4. , , ! - , !
5. Ah, Robbie, you asked them for bread, and they have given you a stone.
6. .
7. The teacher searched his heart trying to decide if he had been unfair in failing Torn.
8. , - , , .
9. But to worship the molten calf for eighteen shillings a week? Oh, pitiful, pitiful!
10. , , ! , !
6. . , , . .
drop the ball
go to the wall
go to town
go a long way
give somebody the bird
1. There are people who would like to see me fall, but I wont drop the ball.
2. A total of 1776 companies went to the wall in the three months.
3. Our team is going to town this year. We have won all five games that we played.
4. Mark my words, that young friend of yours will go a long way.
5. He made a couple of mistakes and the crowd gave him immediately the bird.
7. , . .
1. `You owe it to yourself and you owe it to the children.' He'd better not let me catch sight of him. I'd thrash him within an inch of his life." . . , . (to thrash one's jacket, to thrash the life out of smb. -., -.)
2. but one of the falsest of proverbs is that you must lie on the bed that you have made , , . (as you make your bed, so you must lie upon it , )
3. How can you care for the opinion of the crowd, when you don't care twopence for the opinion of the individual?" , . (I wont give twopence for\care twopence what -- )
4. He gave a little start, and then suddenly burst into a shout of laughter. He laughed so uproariously that people sitting near us looked round, and some of them began to laugh too. − . , , . (to burst into tears (into laughter) -- ()
, :
1. The spade was not invariably called a bloody shovel.
2. The suggestion sent a ray of hope in all their breasts, but I would have nothing to do with it.
3. Because I did not laugh at him he was grateful to me, and he used to pour into my sympathetic ear the long list of his troubles.
4. You rejoice in your freedom, and you feel that at last you can call your soul your own. You seem to walk with your head among the stars.
5. " Can the law get blood out of a stone? I haven't any money. I've got about a hundred pounds.
6. The Japanese try to make hell while the sun shines.
7. He complained to Fleur that the book dealt with nothing but birds in the bush.
8. , , .
1. Oh, by the way, if you want a bath, take one. There aint a Peeping Tom on the place.
2. These rains and grey sky during your summer holiday can make each day seem like a month of Sundays.
3. I have translated it here, not in verse but at least in the Kings English.
4. You cannot sell a gun to any Tom, Dick or Harry. It is very difficult to obtain a legally held gun.
5. For the first time in our life we lived the life of Riley. We did not have to think about anything.
6. The wealthy and powerful never liked the man on the Clapman omnibus.
1. .. . . 2000.
2. .. . - - . ., 1969.
3. .. . . . .: , 2003.
4. . . . . . .: ; , 2002.
5. .. . .: . . 1990.
6. .. . .: . 2004.
7. .. . ., 2000.
8. . . ., 1985.
9. .. . .: , 1985.
10. - .. . .. 1996.
11. .. . .: , 2004.
12. .. . .: . ., 1983.
13. .. . .: , 1988.
1. - . ., 1979
2. ., ., . . ., 1990
3. . ., 1991
4. Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms. 1998
5. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English / Ed. J. Crowther. Oxford, 1995
6. Oxford American Dictionary. New York, 1980
7. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. 9th edition. Oxford, 1995
8. The Oxford English-Russian Dictionary / Ed. by P.S. Falla. Oxford, 1992
9. .. - . ., 1997
[1] . http://www.ets.ru/arc15-r.htm
[2] . .. . , ., . , 1974, . 46.
[3] . .. . - - . ., 1969, .373.
[4] . . 378.
[5] . .. . : . / .. . .: , 2003, . 135
[6] . .. . .: , 2004,
[7] . .. . : . / .. . .: , 2003, . 198.
