| Число | Утвердительная форма | Вопросительная форма | Отрицательная форма |
| Ед. | I (you) have been asking. He (she, it) has been asking. | Have I (you) been asking? Has he (she, it) been asking? | I (you) have not been asking. He (she, it) has not been asking. |
| Мн. | We (you, they) have been asking. | Have we (you, they) been asking? | We (you, they) have not been asking. |
Упражнение 34.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous или Present Perfect Continuous.
1. а) Мой папа работает в институте.
b) Мой папа работает в институте с 1995 года.
2. а) Моя бабушка готовит обед. (СЕЙЧАС)
b) Моя бабушка готовит обед с двух часов.
3. а) Моя сестра спит.
b) Моя сестра спит с пяти часов.
4. а) Мама убирает квартиру. (СЕЙЧАС)
b) Мама убирает квартиру с утра.
5. а) Дедушка смотрит телевизор. (СЕЙЧАС)
b) Дедушка смотрит телевизор с шести часов.
6. а) Мой дядя пишет стихи.
b Мой дядя пишет стихи с детства.
7/ а) Она читает. (СЕЙЧАС)
b) Она читает с утра.
8. а) Они играют в волейбол. (СЕЙЧАС)
b) Они играют в волейбол с трех часов.
9. а) Мы изучаем английский язык.
b) Мы изучаем английский язык с 2006года.
Упражнение 35.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Perfect Continuous.
1. а) Она все еще изучает испанский язык.
b) Она уже два года изучает испанский язык.
2. а) Они все еще живут на даче.
b) Они уже четыре месяца живут на даче.
3. а) Она все еще разговаривает по телефону.
b) Она разговаривает по телефону уже двадцать минут.
4. а) Мой брат все еще решает эту трудную задачу.
b) Он решает эту задачу уже полчаса.
5. а) Она все еще пишет письмо бабушке.
b) Она уже целый час пишет это письмо.
6. а) Они все еще ловят рыбу.
b) Они ловят рыбу уже пять часов.
7. а) Дедушка и бабушка все еще играют в лото.
b) Они играют в лото уже два часа.
8. а) Они все еще спорят.
b) Они спорят уже два часа.
9. а) Она еще спит.
b) Она спит уже два часа.
| Глаголы, не имеющие форм Continuous, вместо Present Perfect Continuous., следует употреблять в Present Perfect. |
| Сравните следующие пары предложений: | ||
| Я знаю его. Я знаю его уже три года. | I know him. I have known him for three years. | |
| Я хочу поехать в Лон- дон. Я всегда хотел поехать в Лондон (и сейчас хочу). | I want to go to London. I have always wanted to go to London. | |
| Она больна. Она больна уже две недели. | She is ill. She has been ill for two weeks. | |
| Он предпочитает классическую музыку. Он всегда предпочитал классическую музыку (и сейчас предпочитает). | He prefers classical music. He has always preferred classical music. | |
| Она любит кошек. Она всегда любила кошек (и сейчас любит). | She likes cats. She has always liked cats. | |
| Все времена действительного залога | ||||
| Present | Past | Future | Future- in-the-Past | |
| Simple (Indefinite) | He writes letters every day. | He wrote a letter yesterday. | He will write a letter tomorrow. | (He said that) he would write a letter the next day. |
| Continuous (Progressive) | He is writing a letter now. | He was writing a letter at 5 o'clock yesterday. | He will be writing a letter at 5 o'clock tomorrow. | (He said that) he would be writing a letter at 5 o'clock the next day. |
| Perfect | He has already written a letter. | He had written a letter by 5 o'clock yesterday. | He will have written a letter by 5 o'clock tomorrow. | (He said that) he would have written a letter by 5 o'clock the next day. |
| Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressve) | He has been writing a letter since morning. | He had been writing a letter for two hours when I came. | He will have been writing a letter for two hours when I come. | (He said that) he would have been writing a letter for two hours when 1 came. |
РАЗДЕЛ 2. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ (PASSIVE VOICE)
| to be + III форма глагола | ||||||
| Спряжение глагола to take (брать, отводить) во временах группы Simple в Passive Voice | ||||||
| Present Simple Passive | ||||||
| I am taken he is taken she is taken it is taken we are taken you are taken they are taken | I am not taken he is not taken she is not taken it is not taken we are not taken you are not taken they are not taken | Am I taken? Is he taken? Is she taken? Is it taken? Are we taken? Are you taken? Are they taken? | ||||
| Past Simple Passive | ||||||
| I was taken he was taken she was taken it was taken we were taken you were taken they were taken | I was not taken he was not taken she was not taken it was not taken we were not taken you were not taken they were not taken | Was I taken? Was he taken? Was she taken? Was it taken? Were we taken? Were you taken? Were they taken? | ||||
| Future Simple Passive | ||||||
| I shall be taken he will be taken she will be taken | I shall not be taken he will not be taken she will not be taken | Shall I be taken? Will he be taken? Will she be taken? | ||||
| it will be taken we shall be taken you will be taken they will be taken | it will not be taken we shall not be taken you will not be taken they will not be taken | Will it be taken? Shall we be taken? Will you be taken? Will they be taken? | ||||
| Сравните: I take (я отвожу) — I am taken (меня отводят) I took (я отвел) — 1 was taken (меня отвели) I shall take (я отведу) — I shall be taken (меня отведут) |
Упражнение 36.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Passive.
(USUALLY) 1. The postbox (to empty) every day. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).
Упражнение 37.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Passive.
(YESTERDAY) 1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).
Упражнение 38.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы- в Future Simple Passive.
(TOMORROW) 1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver).
Упражнение 39.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.
1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5. His new book (to finish) next year. 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7. St Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8. Bread (to eat) every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 12.1 (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 14..This work (to do) tomorrow. 15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 16. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20. Lost time never (to find) again. 21. Rome (not to build) in a day.
Упражнение 40.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive.
1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей. 2. Меня всегда хвалят дома. 3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки. 4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки. 5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне. 7. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 8. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко. 9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное. 10. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное. 11. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям. 12. Меня часто посылают на юг. 13. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 14. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе. 15. Я иногда забываю взять проездную карточку. 16. Он пишет много писем. 17. Книги А. Кристи читают с интересом. 18. Собаки любят кости. 19. Собак любят во многих семьях. 20. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 21. Где хранят старые письма? 22. Почему эти правила всегда забывают? 23. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила? 24. Где живут ваши друзья? 25. Где покупают хлеб? 26. Когда задают вопросы?
| Сравните: The doctor was sent. — Доктора послали. The doctor was sent for.— За доктором послали. Запомните этот шуточный мини-рассказ: He was talked about. He was sent for. He was waited for. He was looked at. He was listened to. He was laughed at. Запомните эти предложения: The house wasn't lived in. The bed wasn't slept in. |
Упражнение 41.
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice, обращая внимание на место предлога.
• E.g. We often speak of her. — She is often spoken of.
1. The senior students laughed at the freshman. 2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday. 3. These young mothers looked after their babies with great care. 4. Nobody lived in that old house. 5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject. 6. We thought about our friend all the time. 7. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 8. The teacher sent for the pupil's parents. 9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 10. Nobody slept in the bed. 11. The neighbour asked for the telegram. 12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 13. They often speak about the weather.
| Запомните: Это нужно сделать. — It must be done. Это можно сделать. — It can be done. |
Упражнение 42.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Infinitive после модальных глаголов.
1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комнаты нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5. Ребенку надо давать фрукты. 6. Книги надо положить в шкаф. 7. Эту картину можно повесить над камином. 8. Как можно перевести это слово? 9. Куда можно поставить чемоданы? 10. Можно кошку оставить во дворе? 11. На что нужно обратить внимание? 12. Нужно записать твой номер телефона. 13. Нужно измерить ваше кровяное давление. 14. Его надо пригласить на мой день рождения. 15. Ей можно предложить новую работу.
| Таблица всех времен в Passive Voice | ||||
| Present | Past | Future | Future-in-the-Past | |
| Simple (Indefinite) | Letters are written every day. | The letter was written yesterday. | The letter will be written tomorrow. | (He said that) the letter would be written the next day. |
| Continuous (Progressive) | The letter is being written now. | The letter was being written at 5 o'clock yesterday. | 
| 
|
| Perfect | The letter has already been written. | The letter had been written by 5 o'clock yesterday. | The letter will have been written by 5 o'clock tomorrow. | (He said that) the letter would have been written by 5 o'clock the next day. |
| Perfec Continuous (Perfect Progressive) | 
| 
| 
| 
|
