18-19
- .
:,,,. .
| - | . | 
|
| . - . | ( ) | 
|
| , . - . | . ( ) | 
|
, , .
-1-3-5-6-8-9-10-11
-4-9
-7-9
1.. . .
p p p , .
:
1.
2. p (, ) p p p p p ( p p) ().
3. p p p , p.
4. P , p p p .
5. . p p pp .
.
( );
( );
( ;
( ).
.
.
, .
21
- , - , ( ) , . . :
- (. 1.1). : "" ("").
- (. 1.2). : "" ("" "") () .
|
|
|
1 2
(. 1.3). : .
(. 1.4). : . () . , "+", , "".
3 4
,.
23
, .. , , , . , , , . , .
, , , .
.
, . ( ) , , .
, . , ( ) .
, , , -.
. , ,
, .. , Word, Byte ( ), LongInt Integer, , , ShortInt.
, ,- , ( ). , .
. FALSE () TRUE ().
, .
. CHAR 1 . . 0255. .
ASCII (American Standart Code for Information Interchange ). 7- , .. 128 0 127. 8- , , 0 255. 0127 ASCII. 128255 .
|
|
|
031 . , .
. , . , ,
Type Colors = (red, white, blue);
: 0, 1 .. 65536 , WORD 0,1 ..
, , .
-. - , , -.
- :
<..>..<..>
<..> - -.
<..> - .
Type
Digit = 0..9;
Dig2 = 48.. 57;
- :
1. .. , .
2. .
- , , .
, , , , , .
24
Turbo Pascal.
1. IF...THEN....ELSE (......) , :
IF THEN 1
ELSE 2;
, 1. 2.
2. FOR...TO...DO.
: for i:=A to B do S, i- ( ) integer, A B (B>A) integer, S- ( ). A>B, S ( i ). i , A B TO, i , DOWNTO A>B.
3. WHILE...DO.
while () do
begin
( )
end;
4. REPEAT...UNTIL.
, , . . ().
:
REPEAT < > UNTIL <>, < > Turbo Pascal, <> - . REPEAT...UNTIL :
|
|
|
REPEAT
Instruction1;
Instruction2;
.............
InstructionM;
UNTIL S;
Instruction1, Instruction2,..., InstructionM , , S- , .
25
- . , -, Assign. , (, , ..). / . -. Turbo Pascal 3 : ( Text),
(file of <>) (file). . . Seek . . , , Close. , . -. ( {$I+}), , ( {$I-}), - IOResult.
26
. . , . , . ( ):
() : +, -, not.
: *, /, div, mod, and.
: +, -, or, xor.
: <, <=, >, >=, =, <>.
Pascal
1.
- , .
- :
Begin
...
Begin
...
Begin
...
End;
End;
End;
; End - .
2.
IF <> THEN <1> [ELSE <2>]
BOOLEAN . , , , THEN, ELSE, .
, ELSE "" THEN.
:
Var
A, B, C, D: Integer;
begin
A:=1;
B:=2;
C:=3;
D:=4;
If A > B Then
If C < D Then
If C < 0 Then
C:=0
{ , Else}
{ ";" }
Else
A:=B;
end.
:
If A > B Then
If C < D Then
If C < 0 Then
C:=0
|
|
|
Else
Else
Else A:=B
, 0 15 :
Program Hex;
Var
Ch: Char;
N: Integer;
Begin
Write ('N = ');
Readln(N);
If (N >= 0) And (N <= 15) Then
Begin
If N < 10 Then
Ch:= Chr(Ord('0')+N)
Else
Ch:=Chr(Ord('A')+N-10);
End
Else
Writeln('');
End.
3.
.
For < >:=< > To(DownTo) < > Do < >
. 1. to, , downto .
. , For . 1 :
Program Summa;
Var
I, N, S: Integer;
Begin
Write('N = ');
Readln(N);
S:=0;
For I:=1 To N Do
S:=S + I;
Writeln ('C = ', S)
End.
.
While <> Do < >
, true. , , ( DOS ). , .
"" Real:
Program Epsilondetect;
Var
Epsilon: Real;
Begin
Epsilon:=1;
While Epsilon + 1 > 1 Do
Epsilon: = Epsilon/2;
Writeln (' = ', Epsilon);
End.
.
Repeat < > Until <>
. , true.
: ASCII - , :
Program Code;
Const
Cr = 13;
Var
Ch:Char;
Begin
Repeat
Readln (Ch);
Writeln (Ch,' = ', Ord (Ch));
Until Ord (Ch) = Cr
End.
.
Case < > Of < > Else <> End;
< > - ,
< > - < >:< >.
, . : , , - .
2 2
*
, +, -, /, *.
:
Program Calc; Var
Operation: Char; { }
X, Y, Z: Real;
Stop: Boolean;
Begin
Stop:= False;
repeat
Writeln; { - }
Write ('X, Y = ');
Readln (X,Y);
Write (': ');
Readln (Operation);
Case Operation Of
'+': Z: = X+Y;
'-': Z: = X-Y;
'*': Z: = X*Y;
'/': Z: = X/Y;
Else
Stop:= True;
End;
If Not Stop Then
Writeln('Z = ',Z);
Until Stop;
End.
, , .
.
Goto <>
, . , () , () .
27
Turbo Pascal.
, .
.
, , , , .. , . array of ( ).
, , . , , < >: = array [< >] of < >;
[I], , I (0<=I<=N, 1<=I<=N) A[I] - .
|
|
|
. "", " " . , , , . . .
, () .
, . , , for, while, repeat, Read, Readln, Write, Writeln; , .
, . A(I,J), , I () , J () .
:
>: array [< >] of array [< >] of < >;
< >: array [< >,< >] f < >].
.
, . , . 100 ? ? .
. () . , . , () .
, . , . , , .
, , . . , ( Pascal ). .
, . . , integer, real.
, , . .. , , . , , .
, . . . .
.
const n = 200;
type
months = (jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jul, aug, sep, oct, nov, dec);
years = 1900..2100;
people = array[years] of longint;
var
growth: array[months] of real;
hum: people;
notes: array[1..n] of string;
.
. .
var ch: array [1..11] of char;
h: char;
i: integer;
begin
for i:= 1 to 11 do read (ch[i]);
for i:= 1 to 11 do write (ch[i]:3);
readln
end.
11 . 1 11. 11 (, q, w, e, 2, t, 9, u, I, I, o, p), . i for . for .
, , , . , .. , . .
Var A: array [1..10] of integer;
I: byte; { I }
Begin
For i:=1 to 10 do Readln (a[i]); { i- }
, , random(N).
Var A: array [1..10] of integer;
I: byte; { I }
Begin
For i:=1 to 10 do A [ i ]:= random (10); { i - 0 10}
, , , .
Var A: array [1..10] of integer;
I: byte; { I }
Begin
For i:=1 to 10 do Write (a [ i ], ); { , }
. , , .. , .
Var A: array [1..10] of integer;
I: byte; { I }
Begin
For i:=1 to 10 do Writeln (a[, i,]=, a[i]); { }
, , :
a[1]=2
a[2]=4
a[3]=1 ..
28
, .
.
, , , , .. , . array of ( ).
, , . , , < >: = array [< >] of < >;
[I], , I (0<=I<=N, 1<=I<=N) A[I] - .
. "", " " . , , , . . .
, () .
, . , , for, while, repeat, Read, Readln, Write, Writeln; , .
, . A(I,J), , I () , J () .
:
>: array [< >] of array [< >] of < >;
< >: array [< >,< >] f < >].
, . . , , , . . .
Pascal :
array [1..m, 1..n] of _
-:
array [1..m] of array [1..n] of _
type , . . m n , , . , 1 m , 1 n .
1 type:
const
M = 10;
N = 5;
type
matrix = array [1..M, 1..N] of integer;
var
a: matrix;
2 :
const
M = 10;
N = 5;
var
a: array [1..M, 1..N] of integer;
( ), :
type a = array[1..10] of byte;
var b: array[1..100] of a;
( , ), (, a[i,2]:=6). Pascal (, a[i][5]:= 7).
, . ( ):
type
arr = array[1..4, 1..3] of integer;
const
cords: arr = ((1,-1,3), (0,0,0), (1,4,0), (4,-1,-1));
. , .
var
matrix: array[1..3,1..5] of integer;
i, j: integer;
begin
writeln (' 15 : ');
for i:= 1 to 3 do
for j:= 1 to 5 do
read (matrix[i,j]);
for i:= 1 to 3 do begin
for j:= 1 to 5 do
write (matrix[i,j], ' ');
writeln
end;
readln
end.
(.. ) . 15 .
, read i j. i , j , , , . i , j . . for 15 , 3.
. , .
. 3 5 . .
, . 3 5. ? (, ) . . . .
, (, .. ). .
:
const
M = 3;
N = 5;
var
matrix: array[1..M,1..N] of integer;
i, j: integer;
begin
writeln (' 15 : ');
for i:= 1 to M do
for j:= 1 to N do
read (matrix[i,j]);
for i:= 1 to M do begin
for j:= 1 to N do
write (matrix[i,j]:5);
writeln
end;
readln
end.
29
, . : ; ; , - . .. . :
int i[2][4] = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};
.. 24. .. 2 4 .
, . , :
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int arr[2][4];
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < 4;j++){
scanf ("%d", &arr[i][j]);
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < 4;j++){
printf ("%d ", arr[i][j]);
printf ("\n");
getch();
return 0;
. , - , - ( ).
, arr[2][4], arr[7][6]. , , . .
/C++ define. :
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE_A 2
#define SIZE_B 2
int main()
int arr[SIZE_A][SIZE_B];
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_A; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < SIZE_B;j++){
scanf ("%d", &arr[i][j]);
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_A; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < SIZE_B;j++){
printf ("%d ", arr[i][j]);
printf ("\n");
getch();
return 0;
.. , .
. :
void printArr (int arr[][2]){ //; }
, . , , :
printArr(arr);
, . .
:
, , . , ,
44. (11,..., 44)
, .
- 4- , , . 1 (8 ) 4 (32 ) . , 4 , .
: - , ASCII, ASCII.
:
4- . . . "pack":
0111 0000 0110 0001 0110 0011 0110 1011
, ?
:
0-255
ASCII
:
255
ASCII
AMXX ?
. () , . , / .
:
public strpack(const s_Unpacked[], s_Packed[])
new i
while((s_Packed{i} = s_Unpacked[i++])) {}
public strunpack(const s_Packed[], s_Unpacked[])
new i
while((s_Unpacked[i] = s_Packed{i++})) {}
'char' . '!' .
:
:
new s_String[11 char] =!"The string"
, [] {}.
:
:
= s_String[5]
= s_String{5}
?
, . . , . :
:
#defined PACKED_STRINGS
:
#include <amxmodx>
#define PLUGIN "Packed vs Unpacked"
#define VERSION "1.0"
#define AUTHOR "bugsy"
#define PACK_STRINGS
#define NUM_STRINGS 20
#define MAX_STRING_SIZE 512
#if defined PACK_STRINGS
new g_szUnpackBuffer[MAX_STRING_SIZE];
new g_szStrings[NUM_STRINGS][MAX_STRING_SIZE char]
#else
new g_szStrings[NUM_STRINGS][MAX_STRING_SIZE]
#endif
public plugin_init()
register_plugin(PLUGIN, VERSION, AUTHOR)
public plugin_cfg()
for (new iTest = 0; iTest < NUM_STRINGS; iTest++)
#if defined PACK_STRINGS
g_szStrings[iTest] =!"Packed strings"
strunpack(g_szStrings[iTest], g_szUnpackBuffer);
server_print("%d = %s", iTest, g_szUnpackBuffer);
#else
g_szStrings[iTest] = "Unpacked strings";
server_print("%d = %s", iTest, g_szStrings[iTest]);
#endif
#if defined PACK_STRINGS
public strunpack(szPacked[], szUnpacked[])
new i;
while((szUnpacked[i] = szPacked{i++})){}
#endif
30
- , 70- XX .
, :
, ;
, ;
, ( .
, .
( , ) ( ). . , .
, " ". , , . , , "", . . , , ( ), -"" , , . , "", . , , . , , , . , - , .
- , . , .
:
;
;
.
. , .
. .
. .
, .
, . . , , . , - .
- . .
:
Pascal-Urok13-1
, , . , , .
, , . , , .
var, - , . var, - , .
, (. . ) . , . .
, ( ). - .
- . - .
.
- , .
- , . . , , , .
: () . . .
, . . . . , Read(F) F, Delay(5) 5 .
, : ; . , Chr(65) ( ASCII 65), Sqr(X) X X.
, - - , , , , , , .
: () . . . , .
