Example: His hair was wet. (He/ just/ have/ a shower)- He had just had a shower.
1. There was nobody at the platform.(the train/just/ leave).2. We didnt find anybody at home everybody/already/go out). 3.The children were playing in the garden.(they/just/ come/from/school).4. Bob wasnt at home when I arrived.(he/arrange/to meet/some friends/at the club).5.I couldnt recognize the child after all that time.(I/not/see/her/for seven years)
Ex.7.Use the Past Perfect Tense of the verbs given in brackets to complete the sentences.
Example: When John and I got to the river, the boat race (start already)
1.When she went to bed,she remembered that she (not/switch off the light) 2. She felt tired because she (walk a lot/ that day) 3. She went for a holiday after she (pass the exams) 4. I didnt know what to do when they(show/me/the picture)5. I didnt look at the present until after she (go) 6. I was very sorry to hear that he (die) 7. He didnt start speaking until the children(leave the room) \
Ex.8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect in the following texts.
a) He (look) at his watch. In a quarter of an hour he (be) due at the General Meeting of the New Colliery Company - one of Uncle Jolyons concerns; he should see Uncle Jolyon there, and say something to him about Bosinney (not/make) up his mind what, but something in any case he should not answer this letter until he (see) Uncle Jolyon. He (get) up and methodically (put) away the draft of his defense. Going into a dark little cupboard, he (turn) up the light, (wash) his hands with a piece of brown Windsor soap, and (dry) them on a roller towel. Then he (brush) his hair, (turn) down the light, (take) his hat and (leave) the house.
b) When Tom (wake), the farmhouse (burn), it (start) burning when the shell (hit). None of the other soldiers who (be) in the farmhouse (be) to be seen. They (be) lucky to escape. In the confusion they (miss) Tom who (sleep) on the kitchen floor. As his leg (be) broken, it (take) him hours to crawl across the room to the window. He (pass) out again and again. But he (be) sure he (not/want) to die and finally he (get) to the window and (pull) himself up so that he (can) look over the sill. Somebody (see) his head above the window and (get) him. Tom (not/remember) any of that. He never (find) out who (save) him.
Ex.9. Translate the following sentences into English concentrating on the use of tense-aspect forms.
1. , .2. , , .3. ? . .4. .5. , , .6. , .7. . .8. , .9. , .10. . .11. .12. , .13. . .14. .15. .16. ?
|
|
|
Unit 3.
Text: Education in Kazakhstan.
Grammar: The Future Perfect Tense.
: Education in Kazakhstan. , The Future Perfect Tense, .
Education in Kazakhstan.
The educational system in Kazakhstan is conducted in two languages - Kazakh and Russian and consists of several levels of state and private educational establishments: infant schools, elementary (or primary) schools, comprehensive schools, colleges and academies. The constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan fixes the right of citizens of the republic on free-of-charge secondary education which is obligatory. The constitution prohibits any discrimination on the basis of language or ethnicity and guarantees equal rights in education regardless of nationality. Children start school at the age of 7 and finish at 17. As a rule a child attends the school, located in the neighbourhood. However, in big cities there are so-called special schools, offering more in depth studies of the major European languages (English, French, German) or the advanced courses in physics and mathematics and children, attending one of this may have to commute from home. The first stage of education in Kazakhstan is elementary (or primary) school for grades one through four. The second is secondary school for middle grades from five through nine. Upon graduation from secondary school students are given the choice of either continuing to attend the same school (high school -senior grades 10-11) or entering a vocational or technical school. Both of these schools are meant to provide one, along with the certificate of secondary education with a number of useful skills (e.g. those of an electrician, technical or computer operators.) Having completed one's secondary education, one can either become a part of work force or go on college (institution of higher learning-Institute).
To be admitted to the institute one has to pass a series of oral or written tests. Students may get free-of-charge higher education in the higher educational institution and the limited number of the state grants is given each academic year on a competitive basis. Some college departments (law, journalism, foreign language-especially English) have dozens of applicants for one prospective student's position. The system of higher education prepares highly - skilled experts on economy, transport, agriculture, medicine, languages and others. Today the young people of Kazakhstan have the opportunity to choose and acquire various types of education and build their lives according to their ambitions.
Studying of foreign languages and development of computer skills of pupils is of a special importance. More opportunities appear for the interested persons to be trained abroad on the basis of local and state grants, scholarships and the students exchange programs.
|
|
|
Topical vocabulary
1. establishment (syn. institution)
2. infant school
3.comprehensive school
4. citizen
5. free of - charge
6. obligatory
7. to locate ,
8. to prohibit
9. choice
10. development
11.to provide
12. skill ,
13.to attend
14.especially
15.according to
16.to carry out
17.abroad ,
18.opportunity
19.to appear
20.importance
Ex.1. Suggest the Russian for:
educational establishments; comprehension school; the right of citizens; on the competitive basis; regardless of nationality; highly - skilled experts; according to; equal rights; it is carried out on the basis; the same school; special importance; for the interested persons; the students; exchange program; obligatory; to locate; higher educational institution; to be trained abroad; the limited number
Ex.2. Match the words having the same meaning:
1. to educate
2. obligatory
3. grant
4. establishment
5. elementary school
a) institution; b) stipend; c) primary school; d) to teach; e) compulsory
Ex.3. Match the following words and expressions from the list below.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ,; ; ; ; ;
free of charge; computer skills; abroad; to provide; to carry out; to attend; comprehensive school; to prohibit; according to; establishment; development; especially;.opportunity; skill;
Ex.4. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or phrase from the list below:
1. Secondary education is .. in Kazakhstan.
2. Entry to higher institution is quite.
3. The second is secondary school for middle grades from through nine.
4. More opportunities appear for the interested persons to be trained abroad on the basis
scholarships and the students exchange programs.
5 Studying of foreign languages and development . of pupils is of a special importance.
6.The second stage of education in Kazakhstan is .
7.Having completed secondary education one can enter .
Competitive, of local and state grants, university, five, compulsory, secondary school, of computer skills.
Ex.5. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. . 2. . 3.. .4. . 5. .
Ex.6. Answer the following questions.
1. What does the education system of Kazakhstan consist of?
2. At what age do children start school?
3.What is the first stage of education in Kazakhstan? What grades does it include?
4. What grades does secondary school include?
5.Is higher education paid or free-of-charge in Kazakhstan? How can a student get free-of-charge higher education?
Ex.7. Speak on the following sub-topics:
a) The levels of the educational system in Kazakhstan.
b) The system of higher education in our country.
Grammar: Future Perfect Tense.
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| I shall/will have worked He/she will have worked It will have worked We shall/will have worked You will have worked They will have worked | I shall/will not have worked He/she will not have worked It will not have worked We shall/will not have worked You will not have worked They will not have worked | Shall/will I have worked? Will he/she have worked? Will it have worked? Shall/will we have worked? Will you have worked? Will they have worked? |
Ill have worked. I wont (shant) have worked.
|
|
|
The Future Perfect denotes an action completed before a definite moment in the future.
He will have finished his work when I call him. He will have finished his work by 5 oclock tomorrow.
