Ex.4. Speak on each kind of sport on the list below; briefly describe. Say a few words about i ts advantages and attractive features:
mountaineering, rowing, yachting, hockey, tennis, basket-ball, volley-ball,-chess, boxing, wrestling, fencing, artistic gymnastics, figure-skating, skiing, skating, ski jumping, sky-diving, archery, discus throwing, windsurfing, steeplechase, marathon.
Ex.5. Write 10 questions about the text.
Grammar: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| Ihave been working He has been working She has been working It has been working We have been working You have been working They have been working | Ihave not been working He has not been working She has not been working It has not been working We have not been working You have not been working They have not been working | HaveIbeen working? Hashebeen working? Hasshe been working? Hasit been working? Havewebeen working? Haveyoubeen working? Havetheybeen working? |
Ive been working Hes been working I havent been working He hasnt been working
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Inclusive: denotes an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and still going on. It is usually used with: -since, for I have been learning English for 10 years.(It is rendered in Russian by the present.)
Exclusive: denotes an action which was recently in progress, but is no longer going on at the present moment. There are puddles everywhere. It has been raining hard.
Ex.7.Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous.
1.I (work) on this problem for two months.2. She (sleep) all this time? 3. Are there any news about your latest project? I just (tell) about it. 4. He says he (not/ feel) well for the past week. 5. I (not/ sleep) well for months. 6.We (see) each other regularly since the party at Helens.7. Jack isnt working now. He (not/work) for years.
Ex.8.Make up sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous.
Example: Suzy is in her riding boots (she/ride) She has been riding.
1.Have a rest now.(you /work too hard/ lately).........
2.You are shivering(you / stand / in this cold / long?).........
3.Her hands are red and wet. (she / scrub /the floors / for three hours).........
4.The children are quite voiceless.(they / sing at the top of their voices/ since morning)
Ex.9. Translate into English.
1. ? 2. ? 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. 1 . 8. ? 9. ?
Ex.10.Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous.
1. He had barely entered the room when his secretary said: Somebody (ring) for you for the last five minutes. 2. I (read) Shakespeare in your absence and now I (try) to learn this beautiful sonnet. 3.What the children (do)? - They (play) games all morning and now they (learn) to tell time by the position of the sun.4. Many people believe that our climate (change) very markedly. 5. I (collect) the pictures with bridges since I graduated from the University.
|
|
|
Unit 5
TRAVELLING
Text: Travelling
Grammar: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
: " Travelling " , . : The Past Perfect Continuous Tense Modal verbs .
Travelling
The scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance, to cover in the twinkling of an eye the vast expanse of our planet. The whole world is open now. The limitations of former times have ceased to exist.
Modern life is impossible without travelling. Most of us in big cities begin every day with travelling to our schools, offices and factories. For some people it is quite a trip to get from home to work. They go by underground, they change to a bus or they take a taxi. From time to time we have to go to another city or country on business. Then after a years work people go on holiday and they do not like to spend it at home.
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun.
People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. It is better to book tickets in advance. On the appointed day you go to airport by car. Soon youll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. When on the plane you may look around. In front of you in the cockpit youll see the pilot and his crew. Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. There is a kitchen in the rear part of the plane where the stewardesses are preparing the meals. Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude. Sometimes it is possible to see land. It is like a geographical map. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. The time passes quickly. The plane arrives at the airport on time.
Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. When on the train you can always see the country side around you, so you are not simply travelling, but your holidays have already begun. To have a good trip by train you must book the tickets in advance. When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. The porter helps you with your luggage. You go to your carriage and find out if you have a lower or upper berth in your compartment. Each compartment has its own window, a place for your suitcases and, of course, four berths.
|
|
|
Travelling by sea is mostly for those who are going on holiday and want a pleasant voyage. On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.
Many people prefer travelling by car. This way you can explore the nearby towns and cities. The greatest advantage is that you can stop whenever you like and that you are not bound by any schedule. You start from your own front door and take any road you like.
Coach tours are not expensive and very popular. There is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.
One of the cheapest and the most popular ways of travelling is hiking. It is always a great experience for a lover of nature.
Topical Vocabulary.
1.to overcome
2.twinkling
3.travelling
4.trip , ()
5.voyage ( ,)
6.journey , ()
7.cruise
8.hiking
9.to go on business ( )
10.at ones disposal -
11.in advance
12.to board (a plane, a ship, a train) (, ,)
13.crew
14.departure
15.cockpit
16.to traverse
17.stewardess c
18..arrival
19.altitude
20.advantage
21.porter
22.luggage
23.carriage
24.berth
25.compartment
26.cheap
24.expensive
Ex.1.Suggest the Russian for:
to go ashore on excursions; to book tickets in advance; departure; it is possible; the railway station; pleasant voyage; in your compartment; a lower or upper berth; to travel for pleasure; a lover of nature; due to; coach tours; sightseeing; to have a good rest; whenever you like; people traverse oceans; in different ports; a magnificent voyage; with enormous waves; a 4-deck liner; you are not bound by any schedule; all over the world; the ruins of ancient towns; for a change of scene; to enjoy picturesque places; at their disposal; to discover new things; in advance; to try different food; to listen to; art galleries; exotic restaurants; city dwellers; a quiet holiday by the sea; on the mountains; lie in the sun; to have travelling by sea; as quickly as possible; the best way; on the appointed day; boarding the big airliner; to look around; in front of you; in the cockpit; passenger; pilot; crew; to recline; on board of a large cruise ship; a great experience;
Ex.2. Suggest the English for:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
