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. , , , . * ( ) , .. .

. .

10. . , .

20. , , , (), . . , .. .

30. . .

40. , . .

. , . , , , , . , , . , d 2 10 . d , , .

d . , d , d , d > d.

. . ( , ) , * . * *. D = | *| d = D / | a | . , D d . .

. , , .. , . , . , . e , , e.

* : * = anan1 a0. b1 b2 bm. * , .

1.1. * = 0.0 103 * = 0.0 103000 . 3, 6 .

, , .

. , , , .

1.2. = 1.0000; * = 0.9999. D = 0.0001, .., , * , .

, . , , . .

, , , . , , , .

. . * b* b.

1.1. , ..

D(a* b*) £ D(a*) + D(b*).

. .

1.2. b .

d(a* + b*) £ dmax; d(a* b*) £ mdmax,

dmax = max { d(a*), d(b*) }; m = |a + b| / |a b|.

, . m > 1 . , b , |a + b| >> |a b|, m >> 1 .

1.3. = 1/1490 7- ( 3- ) y = a b = cos x cos 2x. a* = 0.9999998, b* = 0.9999991. , y* = 7 ´ 10 7 = 0.0000007. 7 , d(a*) d(b*) 0.00001%, 1 , .. d(*)14.8%.

, . 7 * = 6.756451 ´ 10 7.

, , b .

. , , . , . .

. , . , , - .

, . . , ( ). * = fl(x). : 5, , , . : d(*) = e = 2t, t . e ; , . . :

e1:= 1.0;

repeat e1:= e1 / 2.0;

until + e1 = ;

epsilon:= 2*e1;

 

, .

, , , 0.1 0.01, , , , . . .

1.4.

var x, b, s, h, s1, y: real;

i, n: integer;

begin

x:= 0; s:= 0; b:= 10.7; h:= 0.01;

repeat s:= s + 1/(x b);

x:= x + h;

until x >= b;

writeln('x = ',x,' s= ',s:10);

n:= round(b/h); s1:= 0;

for i:= 0 to n do

begin y:= i*h; s1:= s1 + 1/(y b);

end;

writeln;

writeln('n= ',n,' y= ',y,' s1= ',s1:10);

readln;

end.

[0, b] c h = 0.01 b = 10.7, . , .. x:= x + h. , , * 10.7 * 10.71. y:= i*h, * 10.7, .. . s s1 . (. 6).

, , , . , if x = b then , , . 1.4. , * * b, b. , , if abs(x b) <= eps then, eps , . , eps:= 1.0e6. , .

1. PASCAL = 1. , .

2. R = 1, R* D = 0.1. ?

3. , - .

4. 1.4

5. 1.4.

 

z:= 0; s2:= 0; b:= 10.7; h:= 0.01;

repeat s2:= s2 + 1/(z - b);

z:= z + h;

until z = b;

writeln('z = ',z,' s2= ',s2:10);

.

6. f(x) [, b] c h. , y:= i*h 1.4. , , n [, b], 1 = , xn = b.

 





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