| 1.to create unique evidence 2.to go through vivisection 3.the gastric function of dogs 4.research work 5.long-term physiological processes 6.to tend to salivate 7.the gifted young physiologist 8.reflex actions 9.involuntary reactions 10.to die of double pneumonia | a) померти від двостороннього запалення легень b) обдарований молодий фізіолог c) довгострокові фізіологічні процеси d) шлункова функція собак e) створити унікальне свідчення f) науково-дослідна робота g) мимовільні реакціі h) проходити вівісекцію i) бути схильним до виділення слини j) рефлекторні дії |
Exercise 7. Match the terms with their definitions:
| 1. pneumonia 2. temperament 3. chronic 4. conscious 5. to salivate | a.The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting characteristic of a specific person b.an infection of the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites c.to secrete saliva, esp. an excessive amount d.Having an awareness of one's environment and one's own existence, sensations, and thoughts e.continuing a long time or recurring frequently |
Exercise 8. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.
Двостороннє запалення легень, подальша робота, довгострокові фізіологічні процеси, закінчити Медичну Військову Академію, новий вид досліджень, обдарований молодий фізіолог, шлункова функція собак, фізіологічна лабораторія, вівісекція, передавати від покоління до покоління, створити унікальне свідчення, науково-дослідна робота, мимовільні реакціі, голова клініки, проходити вівісекцію бути схильним до виділення слини, рефлекторні дії.
Exercise 9. Put the words from the table into an appropriate gap.
| Response; change; unconditioned stimulus;salivary secretions; behaviorist; to associate;discovery; neutral; the lab assistant; behavior. |
Pavlov showed the existence of the unconditioned response by presenting a dog with a bowl of food and the measuring its……………. However, when Pavlov discovered that any object or event which the dogs learnt to associate with food (such as………..) would trigger the same……… he realized that he had made an important scientific………. Pavlov knew that somehow, the dogs in his lab had learned………… food with his lab assistant. This must have been learned, because at one point the dogs did not do it, and there came a point where they started, so their ………had changed. ……….. in behavior of this type must be the result of learning. In……….terms, the lab assistant was originally a neutral stimulus. It is called ……..because it produces no response. What had happened was that the neutral stimulus (the lab assistant) had become associated with an…………. (food).
NS – neutral stimulus
UCS/UCR – unconditioned stimulus/unconditiones response
CS/CR – conditioned stimulus/conditioned response
GRAMMAR IN USE
Sequence of tenses
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Present Tenses | |
 Present Simple
(V1)
| Past Simple (V2) |
 Present Progressive
(am, is, are + V-ing)
| Past Progressive (was,were + V-ing) |
 Present Perfect
(have/has+ V3)
| Past Perfect (had+V3) |
 Present Perfect Progressive
(have/has been+V-ing)
| Past Perfect Progressive (had been+V-ing) |
| Past Tenses | |
 Past Simple
(V2)
| Past Perfect (V3) |
 Past Progressive
(was/were + V-ing)
| Past Perfect Progressive (had been+V-ing) |
 Past Perfect
(had + V3)
| Past perfect (had +V3) |
| Future Tenses | |
 Future Simple
(Will+V1)
| Future-in-the-past (would+V1) |
Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into your native language:
1. The physician said that the sanatorium treatment would be helpful.
2. I didn’t know you had had practice at the hospital.
3. The patient said that 2 hours before the admission he had felt an unbearable pain in epigastria area.
4. I was told that the conjunctiva was infected.
5. The doctor supposed that antibiotic treatment would be changed.
6. The patient was told that the life in subtropical climate would be very helpful.
7. Our teacher told us that Pavlov had carried out his experiments on dogs.
8. The woman said that her stomachache was unbearable.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences in the past paying attention to the subordinate clauses:
1. The nurse says that the doctor is making his morning round.
2. The doctor says that the patient has been operated successfully.
3. The nurse says that the patient will be made analysis tomorrow morning.
4. The pharmaceutist says that drugs for injections are stored in the fridge.
5. The doctor says that the patient’s lower left molar will be extracted.
6. Tommy’s mother says that he complains of severe headaches.
7. The professor says that the next lecture on reflexes will be delivered on Tuesday.
8. Dr. Hall says that the operation has been performed succesfuly.
Exercise 3. Open the brackets, putting the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense:
1. The patient said that he (to experience) never such pain before.
2. The doctor decided that the lower left molar (to extract) as soon as possible.
3. The patient said that his teeth (to become) 3 shades whiter.
4. He believed that the new method of treatment (to use) extensively in future.
5. He said that this drug already (to help) him a lot.
6. The patient’s mother said that 2 years before the boy (to fell) down the stairs and got concussion of the brain.
7. The nurse asked if the patient (to take) already his pills.
8. Mr. Green asked when he (to operate).
Exercise 4. Put questions to the underlined words:
1. Pavlov performed and directed experiments on digestion.
2. Pavlov and his researchers observed and began the study of transmarginal inhibition (TMI).
3. TMI is the body's natural response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock
4. Carl Jung continued Pavlov's work on TMI and correlated the observed shutdown types in animals with his own introverted and extroverted temperament types in humans.
5. The concept for which Pavlov is famous is the " conditioned reflex ".
6. It is popularly believed that Pavlov always signaled the occurrence of food by ringing a bell.
7. Pavlov’s writings record the use of a wide variety of stimuli, including electric shocks, whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and a range of visual stimuli, in addition to the ring of a bell.
8. It is less widely known that Pavlov's experiments on the conditional reflex extended to children. Some of the children underwent surgical procedures, similar to those performed on the dogs, for the collection of saliva.
Завдання для самостійної роботи
студентів (СРС)
I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення, складіть з ними речення:
1. Видатний фізіолог
2. Присвятити життя
3. Вивчати функціонування шлунку
4. Бути схильним до виділення слини
5. Рефлекторна дія
6. Проходити вівісекцію
7. Вмерти від запалення легенів
8. Нейтральний подразник
9. Мимовільна реакція
10. Довгострокові фізіологічні процеси
II. Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на наступні питання:
1. What is he famous for?
2. What did Pavlov investigate?
3. What experiments did Pavlov’s “patients” go through?
4. When did Pavlov win the Nobel Prize?
5. Why did Pavlov ask his student to record the circumstances of his dying?
ІІІ. Поясніть наступні терміни (не менше 5 речень):
Physiologist
Тестові завдання для поточного контролю знань
Test:
1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a/an:
a) endocrinologist
b) general practitioner
c) physiologist
d) anatomist
2. Ivan Pavlov, the eldest of eleven children, was born in:
a) Moscow
b) St.Petersburg
c) Rostov
d) Ryazan
3. Pavlov investigated the gastric function of:
a) cats
b) hamsters
c) dogs
d) mice
4. He noticed that the dogs tended to salivate…….meal.
a) after
b) before
c) during
d) without
5. Pavlov extended the definitions of the ……. types.
a) temperament
b) psyche
c) reflex
d) blood circulation
6. Pavlov died of:
a) cancer
b) double pneumonia
c) tetanus
d) diphtheria
7. He won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in…….:
a) 1904
b) 1910
c) 1901
d) 1905
8. Pavlov died at the age of …….
a) 92
b) 87
c) 86
d) 79
9. The concept for which Pavlov is famous is………..
a) classification of temperament types
b) conditioned reflex
c) discovery of penicillin
d) inventing a new type of anesthesia
10. Pavlov performed and directed experiments on………...
a) gastric juice
b) digestion
c) malignant tumours
d) hearing.
