Қ өiiң i i ң қ құғ үi . әi қ өiiң қ қғқ ii .
үiiң ii i: ү i 
, ү i 
ә қ ү i 
.
ң ү қii 3 ү қ әii ғ ү . қ (), i қ (), қ () қ әii. ү i ү ә ii -ғ ii . ұ қ қ әii қғ өi қ. қ RC- үi :
| R1 R 2 1 Rr R2 R Z uғ r |
1- . RC- ү ң
R - ң i, ү i ә - қ үi ң i құ. 2- ң қ i ii.
| 1 2 h21I U R r r ғ R R Uғ |
2- . ү ң қ i
ұ қi қ қ, ғ i i , үi қ i ңi .
| 2 I=I h21I r R R Iғ |
3- . үiiң қғ i ii үi ғ ii әi ұ. ii әi ә 2. қ ii ү ққ: , өi ә ғғ өi, - қ, өi ү i ә қ әүi әi.
ii R R - ii ғ - қң ii , -қң ii ө ғқ, ұ қ i құ.
R aoJx9+QOLvpBDLF0yEZsVnOyJC3FjIQ+8KdW/LnRXjwvbFZqE1P2uDYuUoZiHV+2+G59H8+qVhs+ /Q8AAP//AwBQSwMEFAAGAAgAAAAhAIZSCrffAAAACQEAAA8AAABkcnMvZG93bnJldi54bWxMj0FL w0AQhe+C/2EZwZvdJI2hxGxKKeqpCLaCeNtmp0lodjZkt0n67x1P9vh4w5vvK9az7cSIg28dKYgX EQikypmWagVfh7enFQgfNBndOUIFV/SwLu/vCp0bN9EnjvtQCx4hn2sFTQh9LqWvGrTaL1yPxN3J DVYHjkMtzaAnHredTKIok1a3xB8a3eO2weq8v1gF75OeNsv4ddydT9vrz+H543sXo1KPD/PmBUTA Ofwfwx8+o0PJTEd3IeNFxzlhlaAgidmA+1UaZSCOCtJlmoEsC3lrUP4CAAD//wMAUEsBAi0AFAAG AAgAAAAhALaDOJL+AAAA4QEAABMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFtDb250ZW50X1R5cGVzXS54bWxQ SwECLQAUAAYACAAAACEAOP0h/9YAAACUAQAACwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAvAQAAX3JlbHMvLnJlbHNQ SwECLQAUAAYACAAAACEAP13GkwkJAAC1WAAADgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAuAgAAZHJzL2Uyb0RvYy54 bWxQSwECLQAUAAYACAAAACEAhlIKt98AAAAJAQAADwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABjCwAAZHJzL2Rvd25y ZXYueG1sUEsFBgAAAAAEAAQA8wAAAG8MAAAAAA== ">
| h21I U r R R Iғ |
|
|
|
4- . ii ғ үiiң i
:Ui =I ri; 
.
ғ : 
,
;
,
ұғ 0 ii - ii iii.
