/ C.
getchar()
:
getchar();
. :
char c; //
int c;
c = getchar();
putchar()
:
putchar(c);
( ) .
printf()
:
printf(Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn);
. arg1, arg2,..., Argn . Control - , arg1, arg2,..., Argn, - arg1, - arg2 . . , , , . .
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printf ("%. * d \n", 2, 5, i);
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1.
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2.
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| l | e, E, f, g, G | double |
| L | e, E, f, g, G | long double |
| L | d, o, u, x, X | __int64 |
| h | c, C | 1 |
| l | c, C | 2 |
| h | s, S | 1 1 |
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, long, d l, ld.
scanf()
:
scanf(Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn);
. , , () Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn. Control , printf (). arg1, arg2,..., argn - , : , . . ' - , , , & arg.
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scanf (). , :
int i; float x; char m[100];
scanf("%2d %f %*d %2s", &i, &x, m);
:
56789 0123 4572
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: 56789, 0123 4572. (%2d) . : i = 56. 789. %f. x = 789. 0123 , . 4572 %2s. m '45'.
sprintf()
:
sprintf(string, Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn);
printf (), , , string.
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sscanf()
:
sscanf(string, Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn);
scanf (), , , string. ߹ .
cprintf()
printf():
printf(Control, arg1, arg2,..., argn);
printf (). conio.h, :
#include <conio.h>
printf () , stdout (. . " / "), cprintf () ( '' ), .
printf (), cprintf () '\n' "\r \n" - ( '\n' ). , '\t' .
Win32 Win32 GUI. 廻 . textcolor () ( ) textbackground () ( ). , . 3.
3.
| BLACK | ||
| BLUE | ||
| GREEN | ||
| CYAN | ||
| RED | ||
| MAGENTA | ||
| BROWN | ||
| - | LIGHTGRAY | |
| - | DARKGRAY | |
| - | LIGHTBLUE | |
| - | LIGHTGREEN | |
| - | LIGHTCYAN | |
| - | LIGHTRED | |
| - | LIGHTMAGENTA | |
| YELLOW | ||
| WHITE | ||
| BLINK |
, .
|
|
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, , , :
textcolor(CYAN + BLINK);
:
textcolor(3 + 128);
cprintf () ( 5).
5
//--------------------------------------------------------------------#include <vcl.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
/* 1: ' (\r) (\n) */
/* */
clrscr ();
/* */
window (10, 10, 80, 25);
/* */
cprintf ("Hello world \ r \ n");
/* : */
getch ();
/* 2: 9- */
int i, j;
clrscr ();
for (i = 0; i <9; i + +) // 9 {
for (j = 0; j <80; j++)
cprintf ("C");
printf ("\ n");
textcolor (i + 1); //
textbackground (i); //
}
getch ();
clrscr ();
// 3:
textbackground (YELLOW);
textcolor (CYAN + BLINK); //
cprintf ("Hello! \r \n");
getch ();
return 0;
}
gets()
:
gets(s);
s, char *s char s[].
puts()
:
puts(s);
s ().
s char * s char s [].
cputs()
:
puts(s);
s (s char * s char s []). . textcolor (), - textbackground () (. cprintf ()). conio.h.
gotoxy()
:
gotoxy(x, y);
(x, y) , - , y - . int ( !). conio.h. gotoxy () 6.
6
//--------------------------------------------------------------------#include <vcl.h>
#pragma hdrstop
#include <conio.h>
//--------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma argsused
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
clrscr();
gotoxy(35, 12);
cprintf("Hello, world");
getch();
}
clrscr()
:
clrscr();
, textbackground (). 7.
7
//--------------------------------------------------------------------#include <vcl.h>
#pragma hdrstop
#include <conio.h>
//--------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma argsused
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
textcolor(YELLOW);
textbackground(YELLOW);
clrscr();
gotoxy(35, 12);
cprintf("Hello, world");
getch();
}
window()
:
window(x1, y1, x2, y2);
, (x1, y1) - , (x2, y2) - . int.
/ ++
++ , /.
- ios . / ++, ' :
#include <fstream>
fstream istream ostream. ifstream fstream. fstream / ( -) .
ifstream, fstream - () ( ). , istream, ostream cin, cout, cerr, / - , , , . , fstream ߹ , /.
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ostream exp;
exp.open (). : ' , , : , .
, - (<<, >>). exp ostream, , :
exp << " " << i << j << endl;
i, j - (, int i; float j;), endl - .
, , ' , ' . , "".
close () , , open (). :
exp.close ();
