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RCOOH ( R'COOR'') . , C n H2 n O2.

HCOOH ()  
CH3COOH ()   HCOOCH3  
CH3CH2COOH ()   HCOOCH2CH3 CH3COOCH3  
CH3(CH2)2COOH () 2- HCOOCH2CH2CH3 CH3COOCH2CH3 CH3CH2COOCH3
 

- , .

, .

.

"-", "-" "".

p - - , OH, - , ( +) ( +) .

.

( , ). , .

- , .

:

CH3COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

 

.
- O-H (, ):

HCOOH HCOO- + H+ ( HCOOH + H2O HCOO- + H3O+)


- . (- O-H); , . ,

HCOOH CH3COOH C2H5COOH


,

CH3COOH CH2ClCOOH CHCl2COOH CCl3COOH
     


- .

, :

Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
CaO + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa + H2O
K2CO3 + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COOK + H2O + CO2

 

( , ):

+ H2O
   
         


, , . , ( ) - .

+ + 3H2O
     

 

. ( C15H31COOH, C17H35COOH) , ( C17H33COOH, C17H31COOH .) - () .

:

CH3CH2COOH + Cl2 CH3CHClCOOH + HCl
  -  


-.

HCOOH , - , , :


( ; ):

HCOOH + Ag2O( ) CO2 + H2O + 2Ag





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