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, . , , , .
. . . XVIII , 100 , , , 1744 . : , , , .
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, , . .
. .
: , , .
, , . .
, . . , .
: , .. - .
, :
1. , ;
2. ;
3. , , , ;
4. .
1.1.
, s × b × l. τ .
t. t0. . τ , t. w. . 1.
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1.1 -
s × b × l, | 0,4×1,6×6,0 | |||
tH, C | ||||
tc, C | ||||
t0, C | 120;150 | |||
ρ, /3 | ||||
. λ, / | 1,41 | |||
/ | ||||
tc=100 C; Prc | 1,08 | |||
w, / | 5; 10; 20; 40; 60 | |||
to=120 | . λ, / | 2,593 10-2 | ||
. ν, 2/ | 11,46 10-6 | |||
: r | 1,09 | |||
to=150 | . λ, / | 2,884 10-2 | ||
. v, 2/ | 5,47 10-6 | |||
: r | 1,16 | |||
1.2
s, , s, . , , ( 1.1).
1.1
Bi. Re, Nu α:
(1.1)
w , /;
l , ;
- , 2/.
- t0=120 C;
- t0=150 C.
(1.2)
Pr Pr ;
- t=120 ;
- t=150 C;
- t=100 C.
, (1.3)
- ;
=2,59310-2 (/) 120C;
=2,88410-2 (/) 150C;
1.2 - Re, Nu, α
w | t =120 | t=150 | ||||
Re 106 | , /(2) | Re 106 | , /(2) | |||
2,618 | 22,662 | 5,484 | 47,514 | |||
5,236 | 39,457 | 10,969 | 82,728 | |||
10,471 | 68,698 | 21,936 | 144,038 | |||
20,942 | 119,608 | 43,876 | 250,784 | |||
31,414 | 165,442 | 65,814 | 346,875 |
, :
, (1.4)
S , .
, /().
1.3 Bi
w, / | Bi | |
t =120 | t =150 | |
3,215 | 6,739 | |
5,597 | 11,734 | |
9,744 | 20,431 | |
16,966 | 35,572 | |
23,467 | 49,202 |
, δi (1.5).
. (1.5)
1.4 - δi
t,C | Bi | δ1 | δ2 | δ3 | δ4 | δ5 |
3,215 | 1,2107 | 3,8388 | 6,7289 | 9,7435 | 12,8122 | |
5,597 | 1,3364 | 4,0822 | 6,9604 | 9,9377 | 12,9737 | |
9,744 | 1,4255 | 4,2971 | 7,2165 | 10,1879 | 13,2022 | |
16,966 | 1,4836 | 4,4556 | 7,4407 | 10,4438 | 13,4663 | |
23,467 | 1,5067 | 4,5220 | 7,5430 | 10,5723 | 13,6116 | |
6,739 | 1,3702 | 4,1594 | 7,0463 | 10,0170 | 13,0433 | |
11,734 | 1,4408 | 4,3569 | 7,2976 | 10,2763 | 13,2897 | |
20,431 | 1,4976 | 4,4958 , | 7,5021 | 10,5201 | 13,5515 | |
35,572 | 1,5279 | 4,5842 | 7,6424 | 10,7033 | 13,7679 | |
49,202 | 1,5395 | 4,6188 | 7,6988 | 10,7799 | 13,8625 |
(1.6):
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|
, (1.6)
- ,
120 ,
150 ;
- ,
120 ,
150 .
, (1.6).
1.5 t=150 Fo4 Fo5 - , .. δ , .
.
1.5- Fo
t, | F0 | ||||
w=5 / | w=10 / | w=20 / | w=40 / | w=60 / | |
0,6437 | 0,3124 | 0,1108 | 0,0365 | 0,0190 | |
0,0451 | 0,0147 | 0,0032 |
, , (1.7):
, (1.7)
, 2/.
(1.7), tc:
(1.8)
1.6 - τ.
t, | τ | ||||
w = 5/ | w = 10/ | w = 20/ | w = 40/ | w = 60/ | |
, , , :
(1.9)
.
Q (/2), τ :
(1.10)
1.7 Q(τ)
w, / | Q(τ), /2 | |
t=120C | t=150C | |
55,81 | 15,19 | |
42,18 | 8,11 | |
25,11 | 2,64 | |
13,73 | ||
9,27 |
, i=(0; 0,25s/2; 0,5s/2; 0,75s/2; 1s/2) no :
, (1.11)
1.8 tx
t, | w, / | tx, | ||||
x=0 | x=0,05 | x=0,1 | x=0,15 | x=0,2 | ||
-3 | -5 | |||||
- | - | - | - | - | ||
- | - | - | - | - |
α=f(w) 1.2, τ=f(w) 1.3, Q=f(τ) 1.6, t=f(x) 1.4 1.5.
, .
, .
, , . , , , . , , .
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|
, , , , .
, . .
2.
2.1
h .
800 1000 . 50 .
2.1
, , , . 2.1.
2.1 -
H×B, | 0,8×1 | ||
h, | 0,01; 0,02; 0,03; 0,04; 0,05 | ||
δ, | 0,004 | ||
t, C | |||
t, C | |||
w, / | 2; 6; 12; 20 | ||
N | |||
g, /2 | 9,8 | ||
3,3∙10-3 | |||
, | 0,016 | ||
T=120 | . λ; λ; λ, / | 46; 100; 370 | |
, Prc | 0,686 | ||
T=30 | . λ, / | 2,6710-2 | |
. ν, 2/ | 1610-6 | ||
, Pr | 0,701 |
2.2
h=0,01 (.. w=0 /).
:
(2.1)
:
(2.2)
:
(2.3)
α :
(2.4)
m :
(2.5)
, :
(2.6)
, , (λ=∞) , , :
(2.7)
:
(2.8)
, i=(0; 0,25∙h; 0,5∙h; 0,75∙h; h) :
(2.9)
, :
(ε). , Q Q:
(2.10)