. . 01-721-1 .
..
2011
:
1) .
2) .
3) .
.
, .
, : ) ; ) ; ) ;), .
) , , . - ( > 7).
) , , . ( < 7).
) , , . . , , , - .
) , . . H+ OH- , , 7.
. , - , .
Al2S3 + 6H2O = 2Al(OH)3↓ + H2S↑
, , , , : = n / N 100%, n , N .
.
=[ -]/[ -].
.
1.
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1/3 : - NaCH3COO, - AlCl3, - Na2CO3, - KCl.
. .
.
| . | ||||
| NaCH3COO | ||||
| AlCl3 | ||||
| Na2CO3 | ||||
| KCl |
1)NaCH3COO + HOH = NaO + CH3COOH
Na+ + CH3COO- + HOH = Na+ + OH- + CH3COOH
CH3COO- + HOH = O- + CH3COOH
>7
2) AlCl3 + HOH = AlOHCl2 + HCl
Al3+ + 3Cl- + HOH = AlOH2+ + 2Cl- + H+ + Cl-
Al3+ + HOH = AlOH2+ + H+
<7
3) :
Na2CO3 + = NaCO3 + NaOH
2Na+ + CO32- + HOH = Na+ + CO3- + Na+ + OH
CO32- + = CO3- + OH-
:
NaCO3+ HOH= NaOH+ 2 CO3
Na++ CO3 + HOH== Na+ + OH- + 2 CO3-
CO3 + HOH= OH- + 2 CO3-
>7
4) KCl . =7
: .
2.
( )
AlCl3. (NH4)2S, - Na2CO3. : (H2S), (CO2).
1) AlCl3 + (NH4)2S+ =Al(OH)3 + H2S +
2) 2AlCl3 + 3Na2CO3+ 3= 2Al(OH)3+ 3CO2+6NaCl
2Al3+ + 6Cl- +6Na+ + 3CO32- + 3=2Al(OH)3+ 3CO2 +6Na++6Cl-
2Al3+ + 3CO32- + 3=2Al(OH)3+ 3CO2
: , - , .
3.
