3- , , 2- , , .
, (-1)p, , , .
. 3- .
= a1 A1 + a2 A2 + a3 A3.
.
, . :
1. = (aij) = (bij) m n = (cij), aij + bij = cij, (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).
: A + = .
1.
+ = = .
. aij bij = cij,
: A = .
:
1) : + = + .
2) : ( + ) + = + ( + ).
3) : k×( + ) = k× + k×, (k + t)× =k× + t×
2. = (aij) k, , k: k× = k×(aij) = (k×aij), (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).
2.
3× = = .
3. = (aij), m k , = ((bij), k n , = (cij), m n , cij i- j- , . .
cij = ai1 b1j + ai2 b2j + + aik bkj (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).
k . . : × = .
3.
× = = .
4. = , = , × = × = ,
× = × = .
, × ¹ ×, . . .
, :
( + )× = × + ×; ×( + ) = × + ×; (×)× = ×(×);
4. . 11, 22, , nn r = (aij) . , , , , , .
,
=
, : . : , 1 .
|
|
× = × =
.
.
.
A = 1 2 : A ~ , ½: ~ , 3 : ~ . 1 4 2- , (-1) 3-, , (5) 4-. , :
~ . , 1- 1- :
1) 2- (1);
2) 2- (3) 3- ;
3) (3) 3- . :
~ ~ .
2- 0, rang () = 2.