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3- , , 2- , , .

, (-1)p, , , .

. 3- .

= a1 A1 + a2 A2 + a3 A3.

.

, . :

1. = (aij) = (bij) m n = (cij), aij + bij = cij, (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).

: A + = .

1.

+ = = .

. aij bij = cij,

: A = .

:

1) : + = + .

2) : ( + ) + = + ( + ).

3) : k×( + ) = k× + k×, (k + t)× =k× + t×

2. = (aij) k, , k: k× = k×(aij) = (k×aij), (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).

2.

= = .

3. = (aij), m k , = ((bij), k n , = (cij), m n , cij i- j- , . .

cij = ai1 b1j + ai2 b2j + + aik bkj (i = 1, 2, , m; j =1, 2,..., n).

k . . : × = .

3.

× = = .

4. = , = , × = × = ,

× = × = .

, × ¹ ×, . . .

, :

( + )× = × + ×; ×( + ) = × + ×; (×)× = ×(×);

4. . 11, 22, , nn r = (aij) . , , , , , .

,

=

, : . : , 1 .

× = × =

.

.

.

A = 1 2 : A ~ , ½: ~ , 3 : ~ . 1 4 2- , (-1) 3-, , (5) 4-. , :

~ . , 1- 1- :

1) 2- (1);

2) 2- (3) 3- ;

3) (3) 3- . :

~ ~ .

2- 0, rang () = 2.





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