6. 2.9
. Q, m t0 t1,
, | (1) |
C , .
C , ; C / .
CM , 1 . M , CM = M C [/ ].
(. 12) , , , , ( CV ).
, . . .
E = kT, , /2.
, , , .
, , z,
Ek = 3kT.
, NA = 6,02 1023 1/ E, = N = 3kTNA = 3RT, R - ..
ΔT = T1 T0 Δ = 3RΔT,
. | (2) |
R ≈ 8,31 / , 3R≈ 25 / , .
: CM = 3,1R, CM = 3,22R. 2NA , CM = 2 CM. , (NaCl) CM2 = 6,1R, .
|
|
, . , , . , .
:
, . - .
:
, 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) , 6) .
, . , .
, , , . :
Q1 = Q2,
Q1 , , Q2 . .
, , .
() 1, 2 3. 4 . 5, 6. 7 8.
, | (3) |
Q1 Q2 (. ), Q3 , , Q4<<Q3 , . (1) (3)
, | (4) |
m1 , C1 , t2 , , t1 -, m2 , m3 , 2 , 3 ; 2 = 4,2 103, 3 = 3,8 102 / ; t0 .
.
1
, | (5) |
k = m2C2 +m3C3
1) 10 .
2) 300 ; ΔV = 0,5.
3) t0 ; Δt1 = 0,5˚. t2 = 100ºC, Δt2 = 1ºC
|
|
4) . , , t1 .
5) k, , () 2 3 (. (4)):
k = m2C2 + m3C3; m2 = 0,3 | (6) |
6) Δk
, | (7) |
Δm3 = 0,1 Δm3 = 0,1 × 10-3 ; Δm = 0,5 × 10-3 .
7) 1 (5)
8)
δ1 = √δ2+ δm12 + δ2t1+ δt22 (8)
δ = Δk/k, δm1 = Δm1/m; Δm1 = 10-4 .
δt1 = Δt1/(t1 t0), δt2 = Δt2/(t2 t1) (9)
9) Δ Δ1 = δ1×1. .
10) .
11) ( )
1ΔC1 2ΔC2, | (10) |
i = i i ( )
M1ΔCM1 CM2ΔCM2. | (11) |
12) ≈ 25 / .
t0, ˚ | t1, ˚ | t2, ˚ | k | Δk | C, / | ΔC, / | , / | ||
1 (Fe) | |||||||||
2 (Al) |
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. , .
7. ?
8. , .
9. ?
10. ?
.