D0 D, 1.
1
[1]
G, . / | D, | p, |
0,7-1,2 | 8,8-9,8 | |
1,1-1,8 | 7,4-8,3 | |
1,6-2,4 | 6,6-7,4 | |
2,2-3,4 | 5,4-6,4 | |
3,2-4,4 | 5,4-6,4 | |
4,0-9,0 | 5,3-6,1 | |
7,0-13,0 | 5,1-5,5 | |
11,0-19,0 | 5,6-6,1 | |
15,0-27,0 | 5,5-5,9 | |
23,0-50,0 | 5,3-5,9 | |
41,0-78,0 | 5,1-5,5 |
, ( ). 2 3.
[2] ():
= ρ . g . ·(h + m . h) ≤ , (7)
g , /2; h, h , , ; m ; , .
125-550 360-460 : . 500 3/ .
2
[2]
, 3/ | ||||||
, 3/ | , | , | ..., % | |||
125-550 | 1,0. Q | 90-155 | ||||
180-500 | 1,0. Q | 135-220 | ||||
250-475 | 1,0. Q | 200-330 | ||||
360-460 | 1,0. Q | 225-370 | 4,5 | |||
500-300 | 1,0. Q | 350-550 | 4,5 | |||
710-280 | 1,0. Q | 450-800 | ||||
1250-260 | 0,7. Q | 650-1150 | ||||
1,0. Q | 820-1320 | |||||
1,25. Q | 1100-1800 | |||||
2500-230 | 0,5. Q | 900-2100 | ||||
0,7. Q | 1300-2500 | |||||
1,0. Q | 1700-2900 | |||||
1,25. Q | 2400-3300 | |||||
3600-230 | 0,5. Q | 1300-2600 | ||||
0,7. Q | 1600-2900 | |||||
1,0. Q | 2700-3900 | |||||
1,25. Q | 3600-5000 | |||||
7000-210 | 0,5. Q | 2600-4800 | ||||
0,7. Q | 3500-5400 | |||||
1,0. Q | 4500-8000 | |||||
1,25. Q | 7000-9500 | |||||
10000-210 | 0,5. Q | 4000-6500 | ||||
0,7. Q | 5500-8000 | |||||
1,0. Q | 8000-11000 | |||||
1,25. Q | 10000-13000 |
3
|
|
[2]
, 3/ | |||||
, 3/ | , | , | ..., % | ||
150-60 | 90-175 | 3,0 | |||
300-60 | 120-330 | 4,0 | |||
600-60 | 300-700 | 4,0 | |||
1250-60 | 620-1550 | 2,2 | |||
2500-80 | 1350-3000 | 3,2 | |||
3600-90 | 1800-4300 | 4,8 | |||
5000-120 | 2700-6000 | 5,0 |
( Q) . , [3]:
= a b . Q2 (8)
= a + a1 . Q + a2 . Q2, (9)
a, b, ao, a1, a2 .
.
= m . h. (7) , ,
. (10)
. . , D2 D2 ,
, (11)
h* , ; a,b (8) D2, .
D
, (12)
, ; n (n=1,15); R1- , ,
, (13)
R1 (), , (R1 = σ); m ( m = 0,9); 1 ( ); ( D≤1020 = 1,0, D>1020 =1,05).
δ δ ( ).
D = D - 2δ (14)
D. .
, , hτ ( ), - () ΔZ, h. hτ .
|
|
(/)
, (15)
, 3/; D , .
() -
, (16)
, (17)
L ( ), ; ν , 2/; λ ; β, m- .
λ, β m .
, (18)
Re<2320 . :
2320<Re<Re1;
Re1≤Re<Re2;
() Re>Re2.
Re1 Re2 :
; , (19)
; , , .
= 0,2 [3].
λ, β m , 4.
4