4 :
1. (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive). , : , .
2. (Participle I, II). () .
3. .
. . , .
.
1. .., .., .. : . .: .., 2000.
2. .., .. . - ., 1983 .
3. . 2. 2. 2 .
4. . 2. 3. 2 .
:
1. ( .., .., .. : . .: .., 2000).
2. , .
3. (. . 2. 2. 2 ), (. . 2. 3. 2 ). .
4. 1(. . 2. 2.2 ), . , .
5. , .
6. .
4
1
I. :
1. to be formulated 1. Infinitive Perfect Active
2. to have been treating 2. Infinitive Simple Passive
3. to absorb 3. Infinitive Continuous Active
4. to have changed 4. Infinitive Perfect Passive
5. to be adding 5. Infinitive Perfect Continuous Active
6. to be passing 6. Infinitive Simple Active
7. to be combined 7. Infinitive Perfect Active
8. to have been increasing 8. Infinitive Simple Passive
9. to have prepared 9. Infinitive Continuous Active
10. to have been carried out 10. Infinitive Perfect Continuous Active
II. , :
a) -
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1... is considered to use
2.... appears to be obtained
3.... are thought to have mixed
4.... seemed to provide
5.... is supposed to have measured
b)
1. to have applied
2. to be received
3. to be introducing
4. to have been putting into operation
5. to have reduced
c)
1. to be testing
2. to be driven
3. to have been putting into operation
4. to have been maintained
5. to have reduced
III. :
1. Pressure is known equally in all directions.
a) to be acted
b) to have acted
c) to act
2. This motor is claimed for 24 hours without stopping.
a) to run
b) to have been running
c) to be run
3. The cutting speed depends on the material .
a) to machine
b) to be machined
c) to be machining
4. The characteristics of the new engine are believed .
a) to improve
b) to be improving
c) to have been improved
5. This experiment is sure next month.
a) to give good results
b) to be given good results
c) to have given good results
IV. :
1. You know an alternating current to be continuously changing.
a) , .
b) , .
c) .
2. Would you like the plan to be improved in anything?
a) ?
b) , -?
c) , - ?
3. These storage devices are reported to have been described in some journals.
a) , .
b) .
c) , , .
4. These substances were to be used as catalysts.
a) .
b) .
c) .
5. To decrease prices you should reduce the cost of the product.
a) .
b) , .
c) , .
V. :
I.
1. To coordinate their efforts was the scientists task.
2. The scientists were asked to coordinate their efforts.
3. The scientists united to coordinate their efforts.
II.
1. The committee is to consider all the offers.
2. To consider all the offers the committee gathered in the hall.
3. To consider all the offers was a serious problem for the committee.
III.
1. To carry out such an experiment became an unsolved task for the researchers.
2. The researchers decided to carry out such an experiment within a short period.
3. The researchers did their best to carry out such an experiment within a short period.
IV.
1. To explain a law of applied mechanics a student should know theory well.
2. To explain a law of applied mechanics means a good theoretical knowledge of a student.
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3. A student is to explain a law of applied mechanics at the seminar.
V.
1. To complete his experiment he was explained how to use the data available.
2. He was explained how to complete his experiment.
3. To complete an experiment was a final stage in his research work.
VI. :
I.
1. To be really suitable copper was to soft.
2. To understand this phenomenon is to understand the structure of atoms.
3. To use radio-controlled models the equipment must be reliable.
II.
1. They are glad to have obtained such results.
2. To show how reliable the device is was not difficult at all.
3. She was told to take part in the conference.
III.
1. To listen to such music is very pleasant.
2. I wanted to translate this article.
3. To master English you must work hard.
IV.
1. To acquire good knowledge in English you must work hard.
2. To get me a job he used his influence.
3. To make mistakes is easy.
V.
1. To transform one element into another we must change the charge of its molecules.
2. To build up a magnetic field requires a certain amount of energy.
3. To lower the costs a new machine was developed.
VII. , :
I.
1. They expect the ship to arrive tonight.
2. The letters to be typed today are on your desk.
3. He stopped for a minute to rest.
II.
1. He is looking for a place to live in.
2. I want to be shown a new picture.
3. The problem to be solved is difficult.
III.
1. They wish to know if the lower rates will help the dollar.
2. We expect the company to make a decisive step.
3. The device to be tested will arrive here tomorrow.
IV.
1. I want you to read this article today.
2. The experiment to be made by this scientist will give us important information.
3. We hope to get new data in a week or two.
V.
1. The metal to be used in our experiment is to be hard.
2. A number of devices were developed in order to detect cosmic rays.
3. Our aim is to fulfill our work in time.
VIII. :
I. ,
1. They reported that the change of the motion
2. The motion is reported to have changed
3. The motion was reported to have changed
II. ,
1. They assumed that to solve this problem
2. The problem is assumed to be solved
3. To solve this problem they assume
III. ,
1. The expected increase of the velocity was
2. As it is expected the increase of the velocity
3. The velocity was expected to increase
IV. ,
1. He is known to compare these dimensions
2. He knows that to compare these dimensions
3. To compare these dimensions he knows
V. ,
1. The man said that he represented
2. They said to the man to represent
3. The man was said to represent
IX. (Complex Object):
I.
1. The manager wants the contract to be signed today.
2. The manager wants to sign the contract today.
3. The contract will be signed by the manager.
II.
1. They are believed to take part in the meeting.
2. They believe her to take part in the meeting.
3. We believe they will take part in the meeting.
III.
1. The director expected the delegation to arrive at 6.
2. The delegation was expected to arrive at 6.
3. We expected the delegation at 6.
IV.
1. He was asked to repair this motor as soon as possible.
2. The motor needed to be repaired as soon as possible.
3. The workers needed the motor to be repaired as soon as possible.
V.
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1. They have completed the experiment.
2. We thought the experiment to have been completed.
3. The experiment to be completed was necessary.
X. :
1. To operate the complex device is rather difficult.
2. Our aim is to fulfill our work in time.
3. We consider the results to be satisfactory.
4. We wanted him to take part in the conference.
5. To study applied mechanics one should know mathematics.
XI. :
1. , (, ) , .
2. , 10 .
3. (father) .
4. , .
5. .
2
I. :
1. (I)ing Perfect Passive (freeze) a) having frozen
2. (I)ing Simple Passive (blow) b) having been blown
3. (I)ing Simple Passive (compose) c) blowing
4. (I)ing Perfect Passive (blow) d) being blown
5. (I)ing Simple Passive (freeze) e) having been frozen
6. (I)ing Simple (blow) f) being composed
7. (I)ing Simple (compose) g) having blown
8. (I)ing Perfect Passive (compose) h) composing
9. (I)ing Perfect (freeze) i) being frozen
10. (I)ing Perfect (blow) j) having been composed
II. , :
