.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


,




- . . , - , .

, , , . . , , , , , . , , , , . . , , . , . . , , 1.

. 2.

1 . 1, 8791; The Sacred Books of the East. Oxford, 1879. Vol. 2.

2 The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford, 1907. Vol. 1. P. 323 ff.

 

, (- ), , . , '. .

. , . 1431 " ", 2. , , , . , , - , .

( . , .

/ , , : 1) () ; 2) , 2. , ~ . , , . , , " ". , , , . , " ",
, . . - , , , . , : , ( ), . , , , , , , .

1 Saint-Leon E. M. Histoire de Corporation de Metiers. P., 1922. P. 56; Waltzing J. P. Etude historique sur les corporations professionelles chez les Romains. Louvain, 1895. Vol. 1. P. 62 ff.

2 Saint-Leon E. M. Histoire de Corporation... P. 260 ff.; Lambert J. M. Two
Thousand Years of Guild Life. Hull, 1891. P. 59 ff.

3 Ross E. A. Principles of Sociology. Ch. 28.

 

. -, , , . -, - . , , . , , , . , , . -, . -, - , , . . . . , .

. , . . , , .

, , , , . , , , , . . , . : , , ; "" ; " "; " "; , , " ". , , 1. . " ", , . , - (, 0 100).

1 , , , -. "" "" .


0 4.29 , , , , , , . .

5.41 6.93 , , , . .

7.05 10.83 , , , , , , , , , , , , , . .

10.86 16.28 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . .

16.58 17.50 , -, , , , . .

17.81 20.71 , , , , , , - . .

, " " , , , . , " " , , , . , , "" "" , , .

, ; , , . , , , . :

1). , , , , ( - ). , , . opi , . , , , , , , , , , , , , 1. 2.

2). , , , , . , , . " , "", . ", 3.

; . , , , , , 4.

. , . , , , ; , , , , 5. , , "" , . . , . , , , , 6.

1 Mumford E. The Origin of Leadership. Chicago, 1909. P. 43 ff.

2 Maunier R, Vie religieuse et economique // Revue International de Sociologie. 1908. P. 23 ff.

3 Gautama // The Sacred Books of the East. Oxford, 1879. Vol. 2. Ch. 8.

4 Mumford E. The Origin of Leadership. P. 28.

5 Maunier R. Vie religieuse et economique. P. 2331.

6 Fraser J. G. Lectures on the Early History of the Kingship. L., 1905. P. 83 ff.

 

3). "", . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , , , . , , . , "", . , . , . . 1; , , -2 ; , , , , , , "" . . . , : " , , , , , . , , "3.

, , .

, "" "" ( ), , , , , . 4. , . , , . , "", , , : " , . , . , , , , , , "5.

1 Woods F. A. Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty. N. Y., 1906; Woods F. A. Influence of the Monarchs. N. Y., 1913; Sorokin P. The Monarchs and the Rulers // Social Forces. 1925. Vol. 3; 1926. Vol. 4.

2 Taussig F. W. Inventors and Moneymakers. N. Y., 1915; Sombart W. Der Bourgeois. .. 1913; Sorokin P. The American Millionaires and Multimillionaires // Social Forces. 1925. Vol. 3.

3 Fraser J. G. Lectures on the Early History of Kingship. P. 83.

4 , , , , , , .

5 Giddings F. . Democracy and Empire. N. Y., 1900. P. 83.

 

, , , . , -, ; -, .





:


: 2016-07-29; !; : 436 |


:

:

80% - .
==> ...

1808 - | 1667 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.018 .