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1.f(x)>=0 "xÎ[a,b], aòbf(x)dx=S

 

2.S=aòcf(x)dx+còbf(x)dx=aòbf(x)dx

 

3.S=aòbf2(x)-aòbf1(x)dx=aòb[f2(x)-f1(x)]dx

 

 

4. :

Y=f1(x)

Y=f2(x)

 

5.S=aòb[f2(x)+|AB|-f1(x)-|AB|]dx=aòb[f2(x)-f1(x)]dx

 

.

y=f(x) [a;b], f(x)- [a;b]. .

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n . :a=x0<x1<..<xi-1<xi<..<xn=b

[Mi-1Mi] :∆li=Ö(xi-xi-1)2+(yi-yi-1)2=Ö∆x2i-∆y2i=Ö1+(∆yi/∆xi)2∆xi

:

L= i

l sf(fi;x) : ∆y=f/(x;∆x)

∆yi/∆xi=f/(xi)=y/(xi)n, xiÎ[xi-1;xi]

L=s(fi,xi)= i

l-max∆x

L= i

L=aòbÖ1+(y/)2dx,y=y(x) y=f(x)

:

x=x(t),y=y(t), tÎ[t1,t2]

x=x(t) x=a,t=t1

dx=x/(t)dt x=b,t=t2

y/=y/t/x/t

:

l=aòbÖ1+(y/x)dx=aòbÖ1+(y/t)2/(x/t)2*x/tdt=

=t1òt2Ö((x/t)2+(y/t))/x/t*x/tdt=t1òt2Ö(x/t)2+

+(y/t)2

l=t1òt2Ö(x/t)2+(y/t)2dt, x=x(t)

y=y(t),tÎ[t1,t2]

:

l=t1òt2Ö(x/t)2+(y/t)2dt, x=x(t)

y=y(t),tÎ[t1,t2]

, :

: x=rcosj

y=rsinj

, :r=r(j),α£j<β

, , t=j, l=αòβÖ(x/j)2+(y/j)2dj

x y : x=r(j)cosj

y=r(j)sinj

x/j=r/(j)cosj-r(j)sinj

y/j=r/(j)sinj+r(j)cosj

(x/j)2=(r/cosj-rsinj)2=(r/)2cos2j- 2r/cosjsinj+sin2j*r2

+ (y/j)2=(r/sinj-rcosj)2=(r/)2sin2j-2r/sinjcosj+cos2j*r2

(x/j)2+(y/j)2=(r/)2+r2, :

l=αòβÖ(r/)2+r2dj, r=r(j)

jÎ[α;β]

.

y=y(x), dl=Ö1+(y/)2dx

x=x(t)

y=y(t) ` dl=Ö(x/t)2+(y/t)2dt

x=x(t)

y=y(y)

z=z(t) dl=Ö(x/t)2+(y/t)2+(z/t)2dt

r=r(j), dl=Ö(r/)2+r2dj

 

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x=a x=b , Î[a;b] S(x):

1. [a;b] n

2. ∆i xiÎ∆i

3. xi x=xi^OX S(xi)

4. ∆I , ∆Vi=S(xi)*∆xi

s=(S, xi)= =

V=aòbS(x)dx

: ,.. , y=y(x) a£x£b

S(x)=py2(x)

V=paòby2(x)dx

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I f(x,y) Di, e>0 d(e)>0, .D , l<d(e), x, :

|s(f,x)-I|<e

: òDòf(x,y)dS=òDòf(x,y)dxdy=I

:I=

- :

1.: - af1(x,y)+bf2(x,y) .D,

òDò(af1(x,y)+bf2(x,y))dS=aòDòf1(x,y)dS+bòDòf2(x,y)dS, a b-.

2. : D=D1ÈD2,D1Ç=Æ,

òDòf(x,y)dS=òD1òf(x,y)dS+òD2òf(x,y)dS

3. "(x,y)ÎD,f1(x,y)≥f2(x,y),

òDòf1(x,y)dS≥òDòf2(x,y)dS

4.| òDòf(x,y)dS|£òDò|f(x,y)dS

5. : f(x,y)- D, MÎD,

òDòf(x,y)dS=f(M)S, S- D





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