( ) () (. 22).
. : , ( .. - ) .
, () () .
, ( ) , , , .
S n γ H α
s = ----------------------------,
σ
s , 2;
s = a b,
b , ;
S , 2;
n ( 2-3, 3-5);
γ , /3;
H , ;
α , ( α =0 α =1,
α =90 α =0,35-0,5)
σ , /2 ( 100)
, b h :
= b / h b >= h
= √ (b/h) b <=h.
(.23):
) . , ;
) . ( - ), .
, .
(S) (a b), (L).
S = (a + L) (b + L)
(.. ).
:
- 3 ;
- 3 8 ;
- 8 .
(. ) , , .