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, , , , .

R1 = { r1 }, R2 = { r2}, r1 r2 - R1 R2,

R1 R2 = { r | r R1 r R2}.

r , "".

. R1 R2, , . R3 , , .

R1
  M1
  2
  3
  1
  3
  1
  3
R2
  M1
  3
  4
  2

 

R3
  M1
  2
  3
  1
  3
  1
  3
  4
  2

 

, , . R1 R2:

R3 = R1 R2 ={ r | r R1 r R2 }

( "").

R4 , .

R4
  M1
  3
  3

R1 R2 , , R1 R2:

R5 =R1 \R2 ={r | r R1 r R2}

R5 , 1, R6 , 2.

R6 =R2 \ R1 ={r | r R2 r R1 }

R2
  3
R5
  2
  1
  1
  3
       

 

R6
  4
  2

 

, , , , . , , R5 R6.

, . , : , , , .

, .

- . , , R1 R2, . , , , .

, , c = <c1, c2,..., cn> q = <q1, q2,..., qm> , . c q (c, q).

(c, q) = <c1, c2,..., cn, q1, q2,..., qm>

n , m q.

. .

R1 n

SR1 = (A1, A2,..., An),

R2 m

SR2 = (B1, B2,..., Bm),

R3 n+m

SR3 = (A1, A2,..., An, B1, B2,..., Bm),

, r R1 q R2.

R1 = { r }, R2 = { q }

R1 R2 = {(r, q) | r R1 q R2}

. . . , . , .

- , , , .

(R1 R2) \ (R1 \ R2) \ (R2 \ R1)

, - .

, .





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