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2014.

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4. : .

Fe(+2), Fe(+3) .16

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7. : , . 腅...26

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1. SO4 .

. , , , , , 㳿 , , . , .

. ̳ CuSO4∙5H2O FeSO4∙7H2O , , . (, , ).

ó CaSO4∙2H2O CaSO4 , . CaSO4∙0,5H2O. , , , :

CaSO4∙0,5H2O + 1,5H2O = CaSO4∙2H2O

Na2SO4 . BaSO4 , .

 

ճ

1. SO4 .

) 1 H2SO4;

1 BaCl2 ( Ba(NO3)2);

ϳ 1 HNO3.

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) 1 Na2SO4;

1 BaCl2 ( Ba(NO3)2);

ϳ 1 HNO3.

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) 1 NaNO3;

1 BaCl2 ( Ba(NO3)2)

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1. , (V), .

2. , :

S→FeS→H2S→SO2→Na2SO3→ Na2SO4→BaSO4.

3. H2SO4 80%, , 2 , . 40%.

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ͳ- 4 . . 5 . S- -. .

- NH3

䳺 , .

2NH4CI + Ca(OH)2 = CaCI2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

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ͳ . . . , ., (Cu,Hg,Ag, Pb). HNO3 N2O, .

, NO.

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1. .

) N2H4 + CuCI2 + NaOH Cu2O +

) N2H4 + Na2[Sn(OH)4] + NaOH Na2[Sn(OH)6]

) NH2OH + I2 HI +

2. : NH4NO2, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4CL, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2CO3.

, ?

3. , , ? ?, ?

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- 4 . 2S 2-. +2 +4 4. . , , . 2 , (2) (4).

2 .

2 + ()2 = 3¯ + 2

䳺 . (4) 䳺 , , , . , .

2 + Û 23 Û + 3 Û 2 + 3

:

3 + Û 3 + >7

3 + 2 Û 3 + >7

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1. . ?

2. , :

MgCL2 MgCO3 Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 CO2 H2CO3

3. 187,5 . (4) ` .. 336 . .

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4.

: . Fe(+2), Fe(+3)

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1. (2) .

2. (3) .

3. (2) (3).

 

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8 . . +2 +3. ⳺.

4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O = 4Fe(OH)3

, . ó (2) , 䳺 . (2) - (3).

ó (3) . ³ , .

(2) , (3).ϳ 䳺 (3) (2). . : ` - K4[Fe(CN)6], ` K3[Fe(CN)6].

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1 ) 5-7 . (2), 4-5 . . , .

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1. , . Fe(SO4)3

Fe2O3 Fe FeSO4 á ñ Fe(OH)3

Fe(OH)2

2. 120. (3) ` 5,6 3 . ?

3. 20,4 . (2). , , 22,0.

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5

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: 25, 2r27, 2SO4, () CuSO4, (NaOH, ), , , .

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1. 䳿 ().

2. .

3. ³ .

 

, , . . ճ . ¢ - , , . , ¢ , . :

½ ½ d- d+

---

½ ½

, () .

 

25 + [] 3- + 2

2u + O2 2CuO

O

25 + CuO 3- + u + 2

H

, . ().

CuSO4 + 2KOH ¯Cu(OH)2¯ + K2SO4

CH2OH CH2 - O

½ ½ Cu

CHOH + Cu(OH)2¯ CH - O + 22

½ ½

CH2OH CH2 OH

( ),

R-C

H

¢ : d+ = d-. . ( ) , ( ) .

. , , - = ,

½ ½

, , ¢ , , - . .

" " - .

½½

3 - 2 - + 2[Ag(NH3)2] 3 - 2 - - NH4 + Ag¯ + 3NH3 + 2

(), - ().

3 - 2 - + 2u(OH)2 3 - 2 - + u2 + 22

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2. .

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1. : -, 1- . ? .

2. 䳿 -1 , ¢ 2,8. 49, .

3. ?

4. , , 50 11,6%- .

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d + d -

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3 - 2 - 3 - 2 - - + +

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23 + g g(3)2 + 2

25 + 25 + 2

3 - + - 25 3 - + 2

25

½½

, R - - R1, R R1 - .

䳿 .

½½ ½½

3 - - + - 25 Û 3 - - 25 + 2

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1735Na + 2 Û 1735 + Na

1735- + 2 Û 1735 + -,

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1. .

2. 6122?

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5. ?

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7

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: , , , (NH4)2SO4, 3, NaOH, (), () NaOH, () CuSO4.

1. .

2. .

, .

. , - , .





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