䳺
| Present | Past | Future |
| I can do this work. | I coulddo this work yesterday. | |
| I am able to do this work. ( ) | I was able todo this work yesterday. ( ) | Ill be able todo this work tomorrow. |
| I must do this work. | ||
| I have todo this work. ( ) | I had todo this work. ( ) | Ill have todo this work. |
| I am todo this work. ( ) | I was todo this work. ( ) | |
| Imaydo this work. | I mightdo this work. | |
| I am allowed todo this work. | I was allowed todo this work. | Ill be allowed todo this work. |
| Tools shouldalways be kept clean. | ||
| You ought tohelp them. ( ) . |
䳺 can, may, must 䳺 to.
ֳ 䳺: 1) , 䳺, ; 2) ; 3) 䳺 Can, May, Must , not.
Can , , ;
May , ; ;
Must , , .
1 Put in the modal verbs may or can:
1 I finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me anymore. 2 we come and see you next Sunday at three oclock in the afternoon? 3 What time is it? It... be about six oclock, but I am not sure. 4 Only a person who knows the language very well answer such a question. 5 I come in? 6 Let me look at your exercises? 7 I not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 8 Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes get books there. 9 I come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 10 Take your raincoat with you: it rain today. 11 I dont think I... be here by eleven oclock tomorrow, but I be. 12 you see anything in this inky darkness? 13 You go when you have finished your test.
2 Ask politely:
1 I speak to Mr. Pitt, please? - Im afraid hes out at the moment. you ring back later? 2 If a letter comes to me you please forward it to this address? 3 you tell me the time, please? - Im afraid, I not. I havent got a watch. 4 you lend me 2500 pounds? No, I not. 5 I wonder if you help me? With great pleasure. 6 Excuse me, you tell me the time of the next train, please? Yes, certainly. 11:30, platform 3. 7 I have some more coffee, please. 8 you come to the party at my place Thursday evening? Thanks a lot. What time? Is it something special? 9 Excuse me, you tell me the way to the nearest underground station? Oh, Im sorry, I not. Im afraid Im lost myself. Lets ask the policeman over there. 10 you help me with my luggage, please? Yes, certainly.
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3 a) Paraphrase the following questions using must. Answer the expressing obligation or the absence of necessity:
1 Is it necessary for us to read the text? 2 Is it necessary for me to visit him there? 3 Is it necessary for you to explain your choice? 4 Is it necessary for me to go to the meeting? 5 Is it necessary for them to meet her? 6 Is it necessary for me to leave at once? 7 Is it necessary for us to invite her tonight? 8 Is it necessary for him to speak to the Dean? 9 Is it necessary for her to consult the doctor? 10 Is it necessary for me to do it now?
b) Give the opposite of the following:
1 You must speak louder. (I hear you quite well.) 2 You must come at 9 oclock. (the classes start at 10 p.m.) 3 He must hurry if he wants to catch the train. (He has plenty at time.) 4 I must stay home tonight. (Nobody is going to call on me.) 5 You must ring up home at once. (Ive just had a talk with my family.) 6 You must speak to the Dean to arrange the matter. (The group leader has already solved the problem.) 7 She must go to the clinic at once. (The doctor is coming here.) 8 You must take a porter to help you with the luggage. (You luggage isnt heavy.) 9 You must post the letter at once. (Im going past the post office.) 10 They must wait for his call until the morning. (Hes just rung them up.)
c) Use mustnt/neednt to fill the spaces in the following sentences:
1 You write to him for hell be here tomorrow. 2 You make any noise or well wake the baby. 3 We open the lions cage. Its contrary to Zoo regulations. 4 You bring an umbrella. It isnt going to rain. 5 You do all the exercises. Five exercises will be enough. 6 You make any more sandwiches: we have plenty now. 7 You clean the window. The window-cleaner is coming tomorrow. 8 You drive fast; we have plenty of time. 9 You drive fast; theres a speed limit here. 10 You interrupt when somebody is speaking.
4 Tell the students what you or somebody else will have to do under the following circumstances:
1 Alice has missed so many English classes this term. 2 Theres something wrong with my record player. 3 Mary has failed her English exam. 4 Bob has made so many mistakes in his test. 5 I promised to give Nick a magazine to read, but I forgot to bring it today. 6 We are having a grammar test tomorrow. 7 I promised to return Janes player yesterday, but I forgot to do it. 8 George has kept the library book too long. 9 Jack wants to graduate from the university with honours. 10 My sister is coming tomorrow.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of can/could /be able to and an infinitive in the appropriate form:
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1 Hes very fit for his age. He (to run) really fast. 2 Id like (to work) with you one day. 3 He (not to climb) up to the top: he was too scared. 4 We (to go) to that concert tomorrow if the tickets havent been sold out. 5 I (not to understand) what he says: he speaks too quickly. 6 Do you know where Nicks glasses are? He (not to see) very much without them. 7 Jonathan (not to say) anything until he was about three years old. 8 We (not to phone her up) because her phone had broken, but fortunately we (to get) a message from her. 9 Amys exam results werent very good. She (to do) better. 10 I (not to sleep) very well for the last three nights. Its been too hot. 11 You should (to go out) when you want to. 12 you (to come) to the party on Saturday? 13 She tried to think of other things but she (not to put) that awful memory out of her mind. 14 I (to ride) this bike soon: I just need more time to practise. 15 I (to play) tennis really well a few years ago, but not anymore.
6 Choose the most suitable form:
1 It isnt cold. You wear a coat.
a) mustnt; b) neednt; c) cant.
2 You drive a car without a license.
a) neednt; b) cant; c) mustnt.
3 He get up early. Its Sunday today.
a) must; b) mustnt; c) neednt.
4 You ring her up. She is coming tomorrow.
a) mustnt; b) neednt; c) must.
5 If you want to speak English you be afraid of making mistakes.
a) mustnt; b) must; c) neednt.
6 I go to bed early on Saturday: we are going hiking on Sunday.
a) can; b) neednt; c) must.
7 You wait any longer. You.. go now.
a) must; b) can; c) neednt.
8 The weather is fine today. You close the window.
a) must; b) neednt; c) mustnt.
9 She is waiting for you, you hurry.
a) must; b) can; c) mustnt.
10 He.. go to the library. I give him the books he want.
a) neednt; b) mustnt; c) can.
11 You feel bad. You go to see a doctor.
a) need; b) must; c) can.
12 I be off. I want to go to bed.
a) can; b) need; c) must.
7 Choose the correct form:
1 It was raining and we wait until it stopped.
a) were to; b) had to; c) must.
2 The time was fixed for his sailing. It take place almost immediately.
a) had to; b) was to; c) must.
3 The meeting begin at 5 sharp. Dont be late.
a) is to; b) must; c) has to.
4 I tell you frankly that I think you were wrong.
a) am to; b) have to; c) must.
5 I had a sleepless night. I go and see the doc ant get him to give me something. I cant go on like that.
a) was to; b) must; c) had to.
6 He inquired when the secretary... come.
a) must; b) had to; c) was to.
7 I want you to obey me. You do exactly as she says and make no noise.
a) must; b) are to; c) have to.
8 He lost all his money at the races and I.. lend him five pounds.
a) was to; b) had to; c) must.
9 Which of you bring the magazines and newspapers?
a) is to; b) must; c) has to.
10 The rope was so strong that I take a knife to cut it.
a) must; b) had to; c) was to.
11 I help my friends with this work now. So I cant go with you.
a) must; b) have to; c) am to.
12 Well push through the crowd to get to them.
a) must; b) have to; c) be to.
13 They didnt answer my first knock so I knock twice
a) must; b) was to; c) had to.
14 One have a rest after a day of hard work.
a) is to; b) has to; c) must.
15 Give him a something to eat. he be hungry.
a) must; b) is to; c) has to.
8 a) Change the following sentences using the polite forms Would you mind? or Will you please?:
1 Give me that box of matches. 2 Dont talk while Im talking on the phone. 3 Take these letters to the post-office. 4 Turn the TV-set off. 5 Dont smoke in the dining-room. 6 Wait a few minutes. 7 Dont make so much noise. Try to come early this evening. 8 Help me to lift this box. 9 Come another day. 10 Type this letter. 11 Have a cup of coffee with us. 12 Lets go for a walk. 13 Switch on the light. 14 tell her about it.
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b) Make suggestions using Would you like:
1 You want to invite your friends to the cinema. 2 You want to offer your friend a cup of tea. 3 You want your friends to join you for a meal. 4 You want your friends to have a holiday with you. 5 You want your friends to come back to your flat. 6 You want your friend to have a game of chess. 7 You want your friend to go a swim. 8 You want your friend to do the shopping with you. 9 You want your friends to see your new photos. 10 You want to invite your friends to the disco.
c) Make sentences with like or would like:
1 Im thirsty. I cold beer. 2 Peter always has a winter holiday. He... skiing. 3 Henry has a very good library He reading. 4 My car is 15 years old. I a new one. 5 Im tired after my work. I... have some rest. 6 My sister has a dog, two cats and two birds. She... animals. 7 In summer we are going to London. We see some places of interest there. 8 My sister visited many art galleries. She painting. 9 My father lives in a house near the sea. He sailing. 10 I enjoy travelling by sea. I visit distant lands. 11 My friend often goes sailing. He staying up on deck and sitting up in the sun. 12 Ive got a complaint. I didnt have any hot water in my room this morning. I move to another room. 13 It takes me hours to get to the office. I a new job not far from my house. 14 No, thanks, I wont have any more tea. I sit and have a talk with you. 15 Laura is an excellent tennis player. She playing tennis day and night.
1 䳺 shall , , , :
| He shall be a doctor. | ³ () . |
| The child shall be punished for it. | . |
2 䳺 shall :
| Shall we begin? | ? |
