When calculations are said aloud, the verb is generally used in the singular, for example, "two plus two is four; two plus two equals four; two plus two makes four". The verb "to equal" in this case is a little more formal than the verbs "to be, to make". Examples:
, , , "two plus two is four; two plus two equals four; two plus two makes four". "to equal" ( , ) , "to be, to make". :
3 + 4 = 7 (pronounced "three plus four is/equals seven")
3 + 4 = 7 ( "three plus four is/equals seven")
10 6 = 4 (pronounced "ten minus six is/equals four")
10 6 = 4 ( "ten minus six is/equals four")
5 x 4 = 20 (pronounced "five multiplied by four is/equals twenty")
5 x 4 = 20 ( "five multiplied by four is/equals twenty")
30: 6 = 5 (pronounced "thirty divided by six is/equals five")
30: 6 = 5 ( "thirty divided by six is/equals five")
In the case of addition, the plural form of the verb is also used, for example, "two and two are four; two and two equal four; two and two make four; two plus two make four".
, , , "two and two are four; two and two equal four; two and two make four; two plus two make four".
A singular verb is used when referring to amounts in the following way:
, :
Three-fifths of a mile is a little less than one kilometer.
.
How much is 35 percent of 470?
35 470?
Fifteen hours of waiting is too much.
.
In other cases, the choice of a singular or plural verb depends on the noun that follows the numeral. If the noun is singular or uncountable, the singular form of the verb is used. If a plural noun stands after the numeral, the plural form of the verb is used. Compare these examples:
, . . , . . , . . . , . . :
Half of the house is occupied by his library.
.
Half of his books are about children.
.
A third (or One-third) of the equipment was replaced last month.
( ) .
A third (or One-third) of the cars were bought on credit.
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( ) .
About 60 percent of the sum was provided by a sponsor.
60 .
About 60 percent of the students were absent on that day.
60 .
(See Agreement in the section Grammar.)
(. Agreement Grammar.)
Hundred, thousand, million
, ,
The words "hundred, thousand, million" can be used with "one" or "a" (if "one" is meant). But only "one" is used before these words if they are followed by numerals in order to express an exact number. Compare these examples:
"hundred, thousand, million" "one" "a" ( ). "one" , , . :
I saw about a hundred people there.
.
One hundred thirty-five people were present at the meeting.
.
The lake is about a hundred and fifty miles from the nearest city.
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The lake is at a distance of one hundred fifty-two miles from the nearest city.
.
Their house is almost a hundred and ten years old.
.
Their house is one hundred ten years old.
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A picture is worth a thousand words.
, .
She wrote exactly one thousand words.
.
Can they pay a million dollars?
?
The price was one million two hundred thousand dollars. (Usually written as $1.2 million.)
. ( $1.2 million.)
The words "hundred, thousand, million" do not take the plural ending "s" when they are preceded by numerals in order to express an exact number. But the words "hundred, thousand, million" can take the plural ending "s" when they are followed by "of" + noun, in which case they have the meaning "a great number, a lot of". Compare these examples:
"hundred, thousand, million" . "s", . "hundred, thousand, million" . "s", "of"+ , , . :
We need three hundred volunteers. We saw hundreds of people there.
. .
They sold two thousand cars. There are thousands of books in her collection.
. .
The company lost six million dollars. The new radio program attracted millions of listeners.
. .
Note:
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Certain fractions and ordinal numbers containing the words "hundred, thousand, million" may sound alike in some cases. Note the differences in spelling:
, "hundred, thousand, million", . :
three-hundredths (3/100) three hundredth (300th);
(3/100) (300th);
two-thousandths (2/1000) two thousandth (2000th).
(2/1000) (2000th).
The context usually makes the meaning clear. For example: Five-hundredths can be reduced to one-twentieth. Yesterday the five hundredth baby was born in our new maternity hospital.
. : . .
Note: Billion and milliard
: Billion milliard
A billion is a thousand million in American English (i.e., 1,000,000,000), and at present the word "billion" is used in British English in the same meaning.
"Billion" (.. 1,000,000,000), "billion" .
The word "milliard" is also used in British English for such numbers, but such use is becoming rare. The word "milliard" is not used in American English.
"milliard" , . .
The word "milliard" is used in Russian in the meaning "a thousand million". The word "billion" is not used in Russian.
. "billion" .
In older British usage, the word "billion" was used in the meaning "million million". A million million is a trillion in American English.
"billion" . (trillion) .
(See examples of words with prefixes denoting number inLatin and Greek Number Prefixes in the section Writing.)
( , , Latin and Greek Number Prefixes Writing.)
) : , , , , .
Pronouns
What are pronouns?
Pronouns are words that substitute a noun or another pronoun. Examples of pronouns are he, she, who, themselves...
In the example:
Mike likes his daughter.
Mike and his daughter can be replaced by he and her:
He likes her
Types of pronouns
- Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
- Object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
- Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves)
- Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
- Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, those, these)
- Relative pronouns (who, which, that, whose)
Parts of speech
Subject Pronouns
What are subject pronouns?
A subject pronoun, also called subjective or subject personal pronoun, is used as substitute for proper and common nouns.
Examples
John is a doctor - He is a doctor
The laptop is on the desk - It is on the desk
A subject pronoun is used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence.
Example
______ did the job.
I, you, he, she, it, we, and they all fit into the blank and are, therefore, subject pronouns.
A subject pronoun indicates:
number: singular or plural,
gender: male or female,
person: first, second or third person.
Examples
I (first person singular)
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you (second person singular)
She (third person singular female)
He (third person singular male)
It (third person singular inanimate)
We (first person plural)
You (second person plural)
They (third person plural)
The words " I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they " are subject pronouns. They refer to a person or thing in speech or in writing.
You may also be interested in:
- object pronouns,
- possessive adjectives,
- possessive pronouns,
- and reflexive pronouns.
Review:
| Subject pronouns | Possessive adjectives | Possessive pronouns | Reflexive pronouns | Object pronouns |
| I | my | mine | myself | me |
| you | your | yours | yourself | you |
| he | his | his | himself | him |
| she | her | hers | herself | her |
| it | its | its | itself | it |
| we | our | ours | ourselves | us |
| you | your | yours | yourselves | you |
| they | their | theirs | themselves | them |
