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FAQ

 

 

 

:

.., . -01

.., . -02

.., . -02

.., ...,.

..

 

:

..-..,

. ..

 

, 2006

 

MPI. MPI , .

 

1. , MPI.

2.

3. π

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

 

 

MPI

MS Windows 9x/NT/XP

, . / /IP.

. /. , . MPICH: mpich.nt.1.2.5.exe (5 404 672 ). .

. . mpd.exe . Ctrl+Shift+Esc mpd.exe. , . .

, . MPIConfig.exe. ( : MPICH->mpd->MPICH Configuration tool. %PROGRAMFILES%\MPICH\mpd\bin\MPIConfig.exe).

 

1) , .

Show configuration, , , mpd .

2) , . , .. .

Apply. , . . .

, .

. hello.exe, 1. , hello.exe ( .2). ! NT , Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 gcc win32.

, 2 :

: mpirun.exe. Ÿ :

#> mpirun np < > -logon ////cpi.exe

 

hello.exe:

%PROGRAMFILES%\MPICH\mpd\bin> mpirun -np 2 -logon \\12izlab2\mpi\hello.exe

Mpd needs an account to launch processes with:

account (domain\user): admin

password:

Hello world from process 1 of 2 at 11izlab2.

Hello world from process 0 of 2 at 12izlab2.

 

guiMPIRun.exe ( , MPICH) - .


 

, , . login . login. , . pwdfile < >. , , . , , .. .

. , Always prompt for password, , Advanced Options.

, :

 

1. .., .. . .: -, 2002.

2. . .

http://parallel.ru/tech/tech_dev/antonov.pdf

3. . . MPI

http://parallel.ru/tech/tech_dev/MPIcourse/

I

http://parallel.ru/tech/tech_dev/mpi.html

MPI-1.1 ( )

http://parallel.ru/docs/Parallel/mpi1.1/mpi-report.html

4. .. MPI

http://parallel.ru/vvv/mpi.html

MPICH official page

http.//www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/mpich/

MPI:The Complete Reference

http://www.netlib.org/utk/papers/mpi-book/mpi-book/html

 

 

1

, MPI

1.

MPICH. MS Visual C++ 6.0 .

2.

1. , ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. MPI Hello world.

5. .

6. mpich.lib mpi.h?

7. , , MPI .

8. Release Debug ?

9. SDK MPICH?

3.

"Hello world" MPI

"Hello world" . , .

MPI:

 

MPI_Init MPI
MPI_Comm_size
MPI_Comm_rank
MPI_Get_processor_name ,
MPI_Finalize MPI

MS Visual C++

4.

, Microsoft Visual ++ 6.0.

.

FileÞNew Projects Win32 console application. (hello), .

Empty Project.

. FileÞNew C++ Source File hello.

.

mpi.h mpich.lib

(Alt+F7), C/C++, Preprocessor, Additionals include directories, include . %PROGRAMFILES%\mpich\sdk\include\.

Link, Object/library modules mpich.lib. MPI .

, , Input. Additional library path: *.lib MPICH. : %PROGRAMFILES%\mpich\sdk\lib

. F7. , Build :

 

--------------------Configuration: hello - Win32 Debug--------------------

Compiling...

hello.cpp

Linking...

 

hello.exe - 0 error(s), 0 warning(s)

 

.

hello.exe Debug , .

, /.

Release . ,

4.

// Hello world

 

#include <stdio.h>

#include mpi.h

 

int main(int argc, char * argv[])

{

int rank, size, resultlen;

char name[MPI_MAX_PROCESSOR_NAME];

 

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Get_processor_name(name, &resultlen);

printf("Hello world from process %d of %d at %s\n", rank, size, name);

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

};

 

5.

, . . , master/slave.

, MPI, MPI_COMM_WORLD .

.

 

2

1.

MPICH, MS Visual C++, C.

2.

1. ?

2. ?

3. , ?

4. ?

5. printf()?

6. MPI_Barrier()?

7. , MPI_Bcast()?

3.

 
 

, , .

 

 

4.

. MPI MPI_Bcast.

, , . . .

:

:

%PROGRAMFILES%\MPICH\mpd\bin> mpirun -np 2 -logon \\12izlab2\mpi\lab3.exe

Mpd needs an account to launch processes with:

account (domain\user): admin

password:

Enter a digit (0 or less to exit): 456

Process 0 (12izlab2.) got 456

Process 1 (11izlab2.) got 456

Enter a digit (0 or less to exit): 598

Process 0 (12izlab2.) got 598

Process 1 (11izlab2.) got 598

Enter a digit (0 or less to exit): 666

Process 0 (12izlab2.) got 666

Process 1 (11izlab2.) got 666

Enter a digit (0 or less to exit): -100

Process 0 (12izlab2.) got -100

Process 1 (11izlab2.) got -100

 

%PROGRAMFILES%\MPICH\mpd\bin>

5.

fflush(stdout) printf(). , . , , stdout , , , . fflush() stdout.

, , .. , . , MPI_Bcast() , .. , , . , MPI_Bcast() . , . , . ( ). , , , MPI_Barrier(comm). , . , , -. ( ) MPI_Bcast().

 

3

π

1.

MPICH. . π, .

 

2.

1. ?

2. ?

3. ( MPI) ?

4. π .

5. MPI_Reduce.

6. MPI_Wtime.

7. ?

8. -.

 

9.

π -.

 

4.

MPI. , π .

π : . : , . , , , . .. m ( m- ), . , m . n , , . n m. .. 4 , n 4. , m . (n/m ), (n 1 , n+1, 2 , ).

, :

 

MPI_Init MPI
MPI_Comm_size
MPI_Comm_rank
MPI_Get_processor_name ,
MPI_Bcast .
MPI_Reduce
MPI_Wtime ,
MPI_Finalize MPI

 


5.

 

2 : 'prog1.'

0 : 'prog2.'

3 : 'prog3.'

1 : 'prog4.'

(n): (0 ) 1024

: pi=3.1415927330626534, 0.0000000794728603

0.157488

(n): (0 ) 100000

: pi=3.1415926535981167, 0.0000000000083236

0.011448

(n): (0 ) 1000000

: pi=3.1415926535899033, 0.0000000000001101

0.100975

(n): (0 ) 10000000

: pi=3.1415926535896856, 0.0000000000001075

1.004657

(n): (0 ) 100000000

: pi=3.1415926535902168, 0.0000000000004237

9.993571

(n): (0 ) 0

 

 

6.

, , , startwtime = MPI_Wtime();. 01.01.2971. , endwtime = MPI_Wtime();. endwtime-startwtime .

sum , .. . MPI_Reduce() , mypi.

MPI_Reduce() , MPI_SUM.

, .

:

double PI25DT = 3.141592653589793238462643; //

fflush(stdout) printf().

:

MPI_Init(&argc,&argv); //

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&numprocs); //

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid); //

MPI_Get_processor_name(processor_name,&namelen);//

 

 

4

1.

MPI. C. , MPI, .

 

2.

 

1. ?

2. ?

3. ( MPI) ?

4. π, .

5. MPI_ Reduce.

6. MPI_Wtime.

7. ?

8. -.

 

n : , , . . , .

 

. . , . . . ( ) . :

MPI_Send (, , MPI_CHAR, 1, 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD).

. . .

. .. :

MPI_Recv (, , MPI_CHAR, . , MPI_COMM_WORLD, & statuc);

MPI_Send (, , MPI_CHAR, ., ., MPI_COMM_WORLD);

.

MPI Recv (, , MPI_CHAR, . , 0, MPI_COMM_WOPLD & status);

: , .. MPI_Recv(), MPI_Send() , .. .

 

       
   
 
 


 
 


 

n
2
1
3

 

 
 

 


 

(1024 )

1 1024 0 0.0001242

1 1024 1 0.0018743

1 1024 2 0.0002536

1 3: 0.0035021

 

5

1.

MPICH . .

 

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. MPI_Allreduce()

6. ?

7. ?

8. ?

9. ?

10. MPI_WTime ?

11. - ?

 

3.

. .

 

4.

1212 , . , , :

for (i,j) xnew [i][ j] = (x[ i + 1][ j] + x[ i- I][j] + x[i][j + 1] + [i][ j - 1]/4;

for(i,j) x [i][j ]= xnew [i][j].

:

X [0 ][ j ], x[ n 1] [j], x [ i ][ 0], x [i ] [n - 1].

¼ , . .

 

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

 

 

, 1 . 100 . MPI_Allreduce() MPI_SUM.

 

5.

MPI_Init()

 

 

           
 
 
   
 
   

 

 

 


6.

At iteration 1, diff is 3. 791438e + 000

At iteration 2, diff is 3. 948557e + 000

At iteration 3, diff is 3. 324536e + 000

At iteration 4, diff is 3. 014272e + 000

At iteration 5, diff is 3. 266808e + 001

At iteration 6, diff is 3. 992270e + 001

At iteration 7, diff is 3. 063208e + 001

At iteration 8, diff is 3. 354581e + 001

At iteration 9, diff is 3. 796424e + 001

At iteration 10, diff is 3. 345620e + 001

...

At iteration 91, diff is 1. 077600e + 002

At iteration 92, diff is 1. 033949e + 002

At iteration 93, diff is 9. 920652e + 003

Final solution is

-1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

-1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

3.000000 0.892898 0.065635 -0.299648 -0.470180 -0.539828 -0.539828 -0.470180

0.892898 3.00000

3.000000 1.505402 0.668228 -0.043031 -0.151248 -0.043031 0.204468 0.668228

1.505402 3.000000

2.000000 1.459421 0.895371 0.489475 0.241411 0.125389 0.125386 0.241411 0.489475 0.895371 1.459421 2.000000

2.000000 1.435428 0.961518 0.612675 0.389030 0.280790 0.280790 0.389030 0.612675 0.961518 1.435428 2.000000

2.000000 1.318993 0.899183 0.605903 0.415499 0.321700 0.415499 0.605903 0.899183

1.318993 2.000000

1.0000000 0.939427 0.706611 0.491070 0.339122 0.262020 0.262020 0.33122 0.491070 0.706611 0.939427 1.000000

1.000000 0.730175 0.493062 0.307470 0.181674 0.118464 0.118464 0.181674

0.307470 0.493062 0.730175 1.000000

1.000000 0.486443 0.224600 0.059331 0.044069 0.094514 -0.094514 -0.044069 0.059331 0.224600 0.486443 1.000000

0.000000 -0.010469 -0.143252 -0.254610 -0.327503 -0.363090 -0.363090 -0.327503 -0.254610 -0.143252 -0.010469 0.000000

0.000000 0.386115 -0.534537 -0.609828 -0.670933 0.670933 -0.651626 -0.609828 -0.534537 -0.386115 0.000000

-1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

 

MPI. . Message Passing Interface ( ). MPI , , . MPI 1.1 1998 .

MPI . 125 .

MIMD (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data), SPMD- (Single Program Multiple Data).

MPI- . . . .

. . , , . MPI_COMM_WORLD, , MPI-.

. , . . n 0 n-1.

.

. , , , , .

() . .

MPI . MPI_SUCCESS, .

MPI

 

MPI_Init(*argc,*argv) MPI . MPI ,
MPI_Comm_size(comm,*size) ,
MPI_Comm_rank(comm,*rank) ,
MPI_Abort(comm,errorcode) MPI ,
MPI_Get_processor_name(*name,*resultlength) ,
MPI_Initialized (*flag) MPI (1-, 0 )
MPI_Wtime () ,
MPI_Finalize () MPI . MPI . MPI ( MPI_Init())

-

MPI_Send(buffer,count,type,dest,tag,comm) , , , , ,
MPI_Isend(buffer,count,type,dest,tag,comm,request) ( ) ->>-, .
MPI_Ssend (*buf,count,datatype,dest,tag,comm,ierr)  
MPI_Bsend (*buf,count,datatype,dest,tag,comm) ->>-
MPI_Recv(buffer,count,type,source,tag,comm,status) ->>-
MPI_Irecv(buffer,count,type,source,tag,comm,request) ( ) ->>-
MPI_Rsend (*buf,count,datatype,dest,tag,comm) . ->>-
MPI_Buffer_attach (*buffer,size) ,
MPI_Buffer_detach (*buffer,size) -->>--
MPI_Sendrecv (*sendbuf,sendcount,sendtype,dest,sendtag, *recvbuf, recvcount, recvtype, source, recvtag, comm,*status) . . , . , . ., , , .
MPI_Probe (source,tag,comm,*status) . . , , ,

MPI_Barrier (comm) .
MPI_Bcast (*buffer,count,datatype,root,comm) . , , , -,
MPI_Scatter (*sendbuf,sendcnt,sendtype,*recvbuf,...... recvcnt,recvtype,root,comm) , , , , , .
MPI_Gather (*sendbuf,sendcnt,sendtype,*recvbuf,...... recvcount,recvtype,root,comm) . , , , , , .
MPI_Reduce (*sendbuf,*recvbuf,count,datatype,op,root,comm) , , , , , .
MPI_Allreduce (*sendbuf,*recvbuf,count,datatype,op,comm) , , , , , .

 

MPI
MPI_CHAR signed char
MPI_SHORT signed short int
MPI_INT signed int
MPI_LONG signed long int
MPI_UNSIGNED_CHAR unsigned char
MPI_UNSIGNED_SHORT unsigned short
MPI_UNSIGNED unsigned int
MPI_UNSIGNED_LONG unsigned long int
MPI_FLOAT float
MPI_DOUBLE double
MPI_LONG_DOUBLE long double
MPI_BYTE 8
MPI_PACKED , MPI_Pack()

(buffer) *char , . malloc
( Count) Unsigned long . .
(type) MPI_TYPE . .
(destination) Unsigned long -. MPI_ANY_SOURCE
(tag) Unsigned long . , . MPI_ANY_TAG
(comm) Unsigned long . MPI_COMM_WORLD
(status) Struct MPI_STATUS , . mpi.h
(request) Struct MPI_REQUEST . .

 

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