1.
(. 2). (- ).
:
(. 1), , 298 416, 286
427,8 /. , :
∆ 0. = 2∆ 0 f (NaOH) [∆ 0 f (Na2O) + 0 f (2)]
2(427,8) [416 + (286)] = 153,6 .
, < 0.
: 153,6 .
2. , .
:
1
1 2 , ,
(D S < 0).
: .
3.
,
.
:
,
, ,
:
∆ S 0298 = 2∙ S 0(NH) [ S 0(Na2O) + S 0(H2O)] =
2∙64,16 (75,5 + 70) = 17,18 /.
: . = 17,18 /.
4. () . 298 ?
:
()
, .
: .
∆ G 0 f (Na2O) = 378 /, ∆ G 0 f (H2O) = 237 /
∆ G 0298 = 2∙∆ G 0 f (NaOH) [∆ G 0 f (Na2O) + ∆ G 0 f (H2O)] =
= 2∙(381,1) [378 + (237)] = 147,2 .
, .
: ; 147,2 .
5. , 95o . , .
:
: . D G 0368
, . / /, , . .
, < 0, 95 o .
: ; 147,3 .
6. , 1 . (Q), .
:
. 1 1/2 1/2 .
, 2
153,6 , = 153,6 . 1 2 , . . 76,8 . : .
|
|
: Q = +76,8 .
1.
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2.
. (- ).
3.
. (- ).
4.
(- ).
5. , .
6. , .
7. , .
8. ,
,
9. ,
,
10. ,
,
11.
298 ?
12. . 298 ?
13. . 298 ?
14. , . , .
15. , . , .
16. , . , .
17. , 1 1 . , .
18. , 1 . , .
19. , 1 . , .
1. , . . : . / . . , . . .; . . . -. , 2006.
|
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2. , . . : . / . . . .: . ., 2000.
3. , . . : . / . . . .: , 2000.
4. , . . : . / . . . .: . ., 2001.
1
, | ||||
Fe3O4() +H2() = 3FeO() +H2O() | 10 FeO | |||
H2() +CO2 = H2O() + CO() | 2 000 | 10 CO2 | ||
CO() + FeO() = CO2() +Fe() | 2 CO2 | |||
CH4() + CO2() = 2CO() + 2H2() | 1 600 | 4 CO | ||
PbO() + H2() =Pb() +H2O() | 1 PbO | |||
2CuCl() + H2() = 2Cu() + 2HCl() | 2 H2 | |||
CaCO3() = CaO() + CO2() | 7 CO2 | |||
MgCO3() = MgO() + CO2() | 100 CO2 | |||
2PbSO4() = 2PbO() + 2SO2() + O2() | 20 SO2 | |||
Ca(OH)2() = CaO() + H2O() | 5 CaO | |||
3Fe2O3() = 2Fe3O4()+ 1/2O2I) | 7 Fe2O3 | |||
FeO() + H2() = Fe() + H2O() | 10 H2 | |||
Fe3O4() + 4H2() = 3Fe() + 4H2O() | 2 H2 | |||
C() + 2H2O() = CO2() + 2H2() | 1 200 | 1 C | ||
Al2O3() + C() = 2Al() +3CO() | 5 Al2O3 | |||
Fe3O4() + 4CO() = 3Fe() + 4CO3() | 1 000 | 1 Fe | ||
Mg() + CO2() = MgO() + CO() | 1 Mg | |||
TiCl4() + 2Mg() = Ti() + 2MgCl2() | 10 Ti | |||
Al2O3() + 3C() = 2Al() + 3CO() | 3 CO | |||
H2S() + 3/2O2() = H2O() + SO2() | 1 H2S | |||
H2() + 1/2O2() = H2O() | 1 O2 | |||
2CO2() + H2O() = C2H2(0 + 1/2O2() | 2 C2H2 | |||
H2O2() = H2O() + 1/2O2() | 1 000 | 2 H2O | ||
C() () | 3 000 | 1 C() | ||
CaO() + CO2() + CaCo3() | 2 CO2 | |||
2NaHCO3() = Na2CO3() + CO2() + H2O() | 5 Na2CO3 | |||
C2H4() + H2() = 2H6 | 1 C2H4 | |||
KclO3() = KCl() + 3/2O2() | 2 O2 | |||
2Al() + 3Cl2() = 2AlCl3() | 1 Al | |||
Fe2O3() + 3CO() = 3CO2() + 2Fe() | 1 000 | 6 Fe |
: () , () , () () .
2