Active voice – активный залог

	Simple\Indefinite	Continuous/Progressive	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
	ФАКТ	ПРОЦЕСС	РЕЗУЛЬТАТ	ЧАСТИЧНЫЙ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ
Past	Ved, V₂ ?, - did – yesterday – вчера last year – a year ago – в прошлом году last week – a week ago –на прошлой неделе last month – a month ago – в прошлом месяце in 2003 in the childhood – в детстве He wrote a letter yesterday Did he write a letter yesterday? He did not (did’t) write a letter yesterday Действие происходило в прошлом	to be (was, were) + V_ing ?, - was (I, he she, it) were (you, we. they) yesterday as 5 p.m. – вчера в 5 from 3 till 7 yesterday – вчера с 3 до 7 the whole day (evening, morning) yesterday – весь день вчера when he come – когда он пришел He was writing a letter at 5 p.m. yesterday. Was he writing a letter at 5 p.m. yesterday. He was not (wasn’t) writing a letter at 5 p.m. yesterday. Действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом, на который дано указание с помощью обстоятельств.	had + V₃/V_ed ?, - had by – к before – до (того, как) already – уже never ever – никогда, когда-либо since (2 o’clock) – с for (2 hours) – в течение He had writes a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday. Had he writes a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday. He had not (had’t) written a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday. Действие завершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. Результат на указанный момент.	had been + V_ing ?, - had by – before – since – for (2 hours) – when I come – He had been writing a letter for two hours when I case Had he been writing a letter for two hours when I cause He had not (hadn’t) been writing a letter for two hours when I came. Действие началось раньше другого действия в прошлом и длилось до определенного момента (тоже в прошлом).
Present	V, V₃ ?, do, does (he, she, it) always – вчера usually – обычно often; seldom – часто; редко every day (week, month, year) – каждый день (неделю, месяц, год) as a rule – как правило sometimes – иногда He writes letters every day Does he write letters every day? He does not (doesn’t) write letters every day Регулярно повторяющееся в течение действие. Бесспорная истина.	to be (am, is, are) + V_ing ?, - am I is (he, she, it), are (you, we, they) now I right now – at the moment – He is writing a letter now. Is he writing a letter now? He is not (isn’t) writing a letter now. Действие началось в прошлом, происходит в настоящий момент и, возможно, будет происходить в будущем	have / has (he, she, it) + V₃/V_ed ?, - have / has already – уже just – только что up to now – до сих пор many times – много раз often/seldom/always – часто/редко/всегда since (2 o’clock) – с never / ever – никогда/ когда-либо lately / recently – недавно this morning (week, month, year) – этим утром (…) today – сегодня for (2 hours) – в течение He has already written a letter. Has he already written a letter? He has not (hasn’t) written a letter yes. Результат на момент речи	have / has (he, she, it) been + V_ing ?. – have / has for … hours, days, weeks, month, years, ages – в течение (какого-то срока) since … 3 o’clock yesterday. Monday, early morning last month, 1990 – с (какого-то срока) since then – с тех пор up to this moment – вплоть до настоящего момента all the lime – все это время He has been writing a letter since morning. Has he been writing a letter since morning. He has not (hasn’t) been writing a letter since morning Действие началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем (еще не закончилось)
Future	will + V ?, - will tomorrow – завтра next week – на следующей неделе in 2 hours (days) – через 2 часа (дня) when he comes – когда он придет He will writes a letter tomorrow Will he write a letter tomorrow He will not (won’t) wrote tomorrow	will be + V_ing ?, - will be tomorrow at 5 p.m. – завтра в 5 from 3 till 7 tomorrow – завтра с 3 до 7 the whole day (evening, morning) tomorrow – весь день вчера when he comes – когда он пришел He will be writing a letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow. Will he be writing a letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow. He will not (won’t) be writing letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow? Действие будет происходить в определенный момент.	will have + V₃/V_ed ?, - will by – before – already – He will have a written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow. Will he have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow? He will not (won’t) have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow. Результат к определенному моменту в будущем.	will have been + V_ing ?, - will by – к before – до (того, как) since (2 o’clock) – с for (2 hours) – в течение He will have been writing a letter for two hours when I came Will be have been writing a letter for two hours when I come’ He will not (won’t) have been writing a letter for two hours when come’