.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, :

, . - " ". , , - ( , , () , ) ( , , ...).

 

. " ", -.

 

, " " " " " - ", , -, , , .

 

" , " " , " " , ", , , - ( ). , , - , , .

. , , . . , , , - , , . , , , .

 

, " , " , , "" , "" . , .

 

, -, (, . , : .

 

:

 

, . , " , " ". , , (, .- definition) . , - " ", - " ". () .

, . (open), (closed) (semi-open).

 

, , (). , . : " ", " ", " , ", "Oops, this House did it again".

 

, , , . : " , - ", " , ".

 

( , ), . : " " ( , " " - , ...), " " ( " " : , ).

, "Debate: A Guide for Teachers and Students" (APDA). . , (Straight Resolution), , (Tight Link) , (Loose Link/No-Link).

 

, (). . , . : " " ( " " " ", " ").

 

- " / ". , . . , "" . .

 

, , , . , , "".

, Robert Trapp, Willamette University Parliamentary Debate (for NPDA)[4]. (literal motions) (metaphorical motions). , , , , .

 

. , " ", , " ". , , . (specific proposal). , - , 0% 10000, 10% - 20000, 70% - 100000.

 

. , " ". "" "" "". , , , . , . , " , " ", " " " " ". , - , . .

 


.

 

 

1. ,

.

2. . , . , / (, , 1991 , , ).

3. ( ) .

, . , . , , . . (truistic/self proving) (, , ).

4. . .

5. . , , . , , .

, . , , , . , (, , ). 19 , 17 , .

6. , . - , . , , - , , / . , .

7.

. , , , , , .

8. (heckling) . . , . , .

9. , , , , . , 5 . , .

10. , (5/7 ). , , , , , , . chairman , / . , , .

11. .

. . , , . , , , , , . , , .

 

 

.

 





:


: 2016-04-03; !; : 474 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1515 - | 1402 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.02 .