:
= = lN, (3. 5)
:
= exp(-lt) (3. 6)
, , N.
1. ().
: () ().
3,7 1010/, 1 106/.
, 1 226Ra 1.
, , . , , I, j:
I= j, (3.7)
j - , .
:
It = Ioexp(-lt). (3.8)
, 1/2.
1/2 , .
N, , I, , . (3.3) Nt N/2, t 1/2
N/2 = Noe -l1/2 = e -l1/2 (3.9)
,
,
, (3.10)
l, 1/2 .
(3.8) (3. 9) , n =t/ .
= . (3.11)
n (1/2)n . (3.12) , .. , ( 0,1 % ). , (-lt) t. , , .
, .
|
|
. , .., .
:
... S(.)
, . , , - .
, . N1 , N2. , . . :
(3.12)
(3.13)
:
dN2 = l1N1dt - l2N2dt (3.14)
(3.15) , N2 = 0, : (1/2)1 (1/2)2, . . l1l2 t(1/2)1, :
l1 N1 = l2N2 (3.15)
, , , .
.
, , , , , .
a b - . a - 4, 2 :
+
, :
Ra Rn
b - , 1 :
X + e
, , 232Th, (4n), : = 232, 228, 224 . . 238U (4n+2) = 238, 234, 230, .., 4 4n+2. , , 4 4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, 4n+3, n - . . (4n), (4n+2) (4n+3).
4n + 1 ( ) , . .
|
|
l1 N1 = l2N2.= l N , (3,16)
li Ni i- . , , .
3.1.
= 4n | 1,39×1010 | |||
= 4n+1 | 2,2×106 | |||
= 4n+2 | - | 4.5×109 | ||
= 4n+3 | - | 7.18×108 |
:
(a) 1/2 5 1011
244Pu (a) 1/2 = 8,2 107
(b-, b+, K-) 1/2 = 1.27 109
V(b-, K-) 1/2 = 6 1015
(b-) 1/2 = 5.7 1010
(b-) 1/2 = 5.0 1014
(K-) 1/2 = 1.21013
(b-, K-) 1/2 = 1.1 1011
(a) 1/2 = 2.4 1015
(a) 1/2 = 1.1 1011
(a) 1/2 = 2.0 1015
(b-) 1/2 = 3.6 1010
(b-) 1/2 = 6.0 1010
(a) 1/2 = 7.0 1011
1. .
2. .
3. t?
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. ?