NAT ( . Network Address Translation ) TCP/IP, IP-
NAT , , . SNAT, (. source) (. destination) . / .
, IP- . , . , . , . IP- . , , n- .
source NAT ( ) destination NAT, , ( NAT).
3 : (Static Network Address Translation), (Dynamic Address Translation), (NAPT, NAT Overload, PAT).
NAT IP- IP- . , .
NAT IP- IP-. NAT , , , .
NAT (NAPT, NAT Overload, PAT, ) NAT, IP-, . PAT (Port Address Translation). ,
15.
DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol)
IP-
o MAC IP ,
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o MAC IP , ,
o (lease duration, )
DHP
1. DHCPDISCOVER DHCP
2. DHCPOFFER
3. DHCPREQUEST ,
4. DHCPACK
16. IP- MAC-.
IP-
IP- (- , . Internet Protocol Address)
, IP.
IP- : .
IP- (, ),
,
,
.
IP- (, ),
, ,
.
IP- ,
IP- NAT:
, ,
, ip -.
MAC-
MAC, , IEEE 802.3 6- , -.
(, Ethernet) MAC-
. , MAC-
, () .
MAC-
(, ARP RARP TCP/IP).
ARP (Address resolution protocol) (MAC) IP
RARP (Reverse address resolution protocol) IP- (MAC)
1. , IP- , ARP , , IP-, .
2. ARP IP- .
3. ARP-, IP- , ARP .
. , ARP-, . IP- Ethernet-. IP- Ethernet-, IP-. ARP-.
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17. :
(router) , ( .. )
, :