: , .
: , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
: . , , , , ρ ; S , d .
ρ , 䳺 1 12, .
R , , .1.
. 1.
: (1)
, .
ճ :
1. . , , 0,5 ( ).
2. U .
3. l , d - . , .
4. (1).
5. . U, d, I, l. .
6. .
, | ∆ , | U, | ∆ U, | l, | ∆ l, | d, | ∆d, | ρ, ּ | ∆ ρ ּ | ερ |
7.
8. .
:
, .2.
. 2
:
) ____________________________________________________
) _______________________________________
) _____________________________________________
) _______________________________________________
|
|
) __________________________________________________
) _____________________________________________________
) , __________________________________
:
____________________
_____________200__
8