CPU (Central Processor Unit) - , .
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) - , . RISC- (., PowerPC, Alpha, Sun SPARC .) .
FPU (Floating-Point Unit) - , . .
FLOPS (FLoating-point Operations Per Second) - : . .
MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second) - : . .
Celeron - Intel ( Intel Pentium II). Celeron ( Intel Pentium 4 Mendocino Northwood) 1700 2600 , 100 - (L2) 128 .
Socket (: ) - . Socket (""). , Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478, AMD Athlon XP - Socket 462.
- (Cache Memory), - (SRAM), . , .
FSB (Front Side Bus) - , .
Hyper-Threading - , Intel Intel Pentium 4. Hyper-Threading, , . .
( . Chip Set) - , , , , PCI, . , " " " ", , .
(North Bridge) - , - ( ), , AGP- .
(South Bridge) - , . , IDE, PCI, - (I/O , OM, LPT, PS/2), USB-, AC'97, Serial ATA .
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MCH (Memory Controller Hub) - 8 Intel. GMCH (Graphics and Memory Controller Hub).
ICH (Input/Output Controller Hub) - 8 Intel. (, i865x ICH5). "R" RAID- .
MuTIOL - , SiS (Silicon Integrated Systems). MuTIOL 1 /.
V-Link - , VIA Technologies. V-Link 512 /.
DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) - .
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) - .
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) - ; . DRAM, - 4 .
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) - SDRAM . "-" Wintel.
PC2100 ( , DDR266) - DDR SDRAM, 266 (1332), 2.1 /. , , - .
PC2700 ( , DDR333) - DDR SDRAM, 333 (1662), 2,7 /.
PC3200 ( , DDR400) - DDR SDRAM, 400 (2002), 3.2 /.
PC3500, PC4000 ( , DDR354 DDR500) - DDR SDRAM, 454 (2272) 500 (2502), 3,5 / 4 / . , .
- 64- DDR, (264 = 128 ). : , DDR400 6,4 /.
ECC (Error Correction Codes) - " ". ECC .
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UMA (Unified Memory Architecture) - , . , .
RAMDAC (Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter) - (- ), , . - , .
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) - : ; . . Intel. 8, 4,2 /.
DPMS (Display Power Management Signaling) - ; VESA, , "" (sleep).
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) - , .
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) - (), . , , , , - .
LCD (Liquid-Crystal Display) - : . , . , , , , . , , , , "" , , .
TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display) - : . LCD-, . -, , - () , .
IDE (Integrated Device Electronics Intelligent Drive Electronics) - , , .
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) - , , , , , , , . , . SCSI 7 , . SCSI-2, Fast SCSI, Wide SCSI, Wide SCSI-2, Ultra SCSI (SCSI-3), Ultra SCSI-160 , , Ultra SCSI-320.
ATA (AT Attachment) - : AT, 1989 , IDE. IDE- ATA-. ATA-2 EIDE (Enhanced IDE - IDE).
EIDE (Enhanced IDE) - : IDE; , , ( 8,4 528 IDE). , EIDE , ( 2 ).
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ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface) - , CD-ROM , . , SCSI IDE.
Fast ATA, Fast ATA-2, Ultra ATA/33 ( Ultra DMA, ATA/ATAPI-4, DMA-33), Ultra ATA/66 (ATA/ATAPI-5) - , EIDE. - Ultra ATA/100 (ATA/ATAPI-6) Ultra ATA/133 , , 80- 100 133 / .
S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) - .
Serial ATA - , ATA. , , , - . ( 7 : / () ) 1 , - 150 /. Serial ATA.
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) - . , MTBF=100 000 , 10 , " " .
RPM (Rotation per Minute) - : , , . 5400 7200 rpm.
FAT (File Allocation Table) - : . , DOS 16- Windows .
ATX (AT Extension, , Full ATX) - : AT - . ATX - 305x244 , . ( ); . , - , .
MicroATX - - , Full ATX - 244x244 . ATX.
Mini-ITX - - , VIA Technologies. Mini-ITX 170x170 . , Mini-ITX ATX.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) - : /; , , , . BIOS "" ( ROM BIOS), .
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CMOS ( "-") - , . ATX CMOS-, .
Tower - : ; , . , . , Mini-Tower, Middle-Tower Big-Tower .
Desktop - : ; . .
Slim Desktop - desktop ( 1,5 2 ). , riser-card ( - "").
CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) - : ; , ( ). CAV ( CLV) .
CLV (Constant Linear Velosity) - : , . , , , , .
CD (Compact Disk) - 4,75 (12 ), . - 90 640 .
CDDA (Compact Disk Digital Audio) - -. (), 44,1 , 16 .
CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) - - .
CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) - - ( ). CD-RW -, CD-R CD-RW.
CD-ROM XA (CD-ROM eXtended Architecture) - , Sony, Philips Microsoft 1988 . , XA, .
CD+G (Compact Disk Graphics) - - .
CD-I - -, - , .
CD Video - -, 1987 ; 20 - 6 CD ( .. "").
Photo CD - , CD-R, Eastman Kodak Philips. Photo CD 24- 2048x3072 . .
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk Digital Video Disk) - . 12- DVD- 4,7 , 8,5 . DVD- 17 . DVD CD, CDDA, D-R, CD-RW , , DVD-.
DVD-RAM - c , Matsushita ( 4,7 ). , DVD, DVD-ROM DVD-RAM.
DVD-R DVD-RW. DVD-, Pioneer ( 4,7 ). - DVD-R/RW, DVD-R DVD-RW DVD-Forum. DVD-R/-RW DVD-R DVD-RW, CD-R/RW, CDDA D-ROM.
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DVD+RW - DVD- ( 4,7 ). , , , Hewlett-Packard, Verbatim, Ricoh, Philips, Sony, Thomson Multimedia Yamaha. DVD+RW - DVD- DVD-ROM. DVD+R/+RW DVD+R DVD+RW, CD-R/RW, CDDA D-ROM.
DVD-Multi - , DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD-Audio, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM DVD-Video Recording. DVD Audio Recording DVD Multi.
DVI (Digital Video Interactive) - : . - , Intel.
ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) - 32 /.
dB (decibel) - , .
Distortion - .
MIDI - () , . MIDI , .
PEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) - , , , , , , - .
MPEG-1 - / , 1,5 / (170 /) VHS . 352240 30 . MPEG-1 Video CD.
MPEG-2 - , (720480 ), 28 / (3,5 /). TV- . .
MPEG-3 ( , MP3 MPEG Layer3) - , Fraunhofer IIS THOMSON, MPEG-1 MPEG-2. CD Audio. - . , . . MP3 CD Audio , .
MPEG-4 - - , -, , . - -. , , MPEG-4 , MPEG-1 MPEG-2.
CODEC (COder/DECoder) - . - /.
AC'97 (Audio Codec 1997) - , , .