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4.




56. ?

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) , , ?

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57. , , , ?

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58. X. ?

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59. ? ? ( ) ?

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60 [4]. , . . . :

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2) .

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) , , ? ?

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61. , , (), . , .

(lump-sum tax) .

) ( ) ?

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62. ?

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63. , , , I , .

64. :

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65. , , :

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66. () ( ). ( , ):

) U(x, ) = 3 ; ) U(, ) = min (, 3 );
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73. () (). :

a) U(x, ) = ; ) U(x, ) = max (, );
)U(x,y)=x+y; ) U(x,y) = 2.

74. , :

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75. , . :

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76. , . 5 , (MPL) 10 , (APL) 15 /. :

) 0,33 0,5 ; ) 0,5 0,33 ;
) 0,5 0,4 ; ) 0,4 0,5 .

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77. Y, 20 5 , 5 3 Y, 3 10 Y.

78. , :

) , MRS = 1/ 2;

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79. . 300 , 500 . 1 14 ., 1 8 . 56 . :

) ; ) 4; ) 5,
) 7; ) 3;  

80. : = 8, = 4, 64. , , :

) = 0, = 16; ) = 3, = 8;
) = 3, = 10; ) = 8, = 0.

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81. 200 . () (). , , 10 ., -5 . , 20 . .

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82. U(x, ) = 5 1 / 2 1 / 2 . , 10. . (, .)

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83. : U = 150 K+ 60 D, ʖ ; D . .

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84. U = 2 , 15. = 2, = 1. ?

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85. , . . , 100, 10 30 . 170 5 75 , 200 2 96 . , .

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86. U(x, ) = 1/2 y 1/2 500 . 10 ., -1 . 5 . , .

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87. 120 . . (0,5 ) ( ) 30 ., ( ) 12 . U = 3+ 2. , ? .

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88. 167 ., 300 . () (). 10 2 , 10 ., 33,5 . 18 ., 84 . , 300 . 12 1 . ? ?

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89. . 2, 3, 1 2 . 1, 4, 2 1 . , ?

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( )

90. , 18701880 , XVIII (, . , . .).

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91. ( , ) ?

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92. ? ? , , ?

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