56. ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
) ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
) , , ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
57. , , , ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
58. X. ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
59. ? ? ( ) ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
60 [4]. , . . . :
1) ;
2) .
, , .
) , .
y |
x |
) (1) , ? , , ? ?
y |
x |
y |
x |
) (2) : ? (1).
y |
x |
y |
x |
) , , ? ?
y |
x |
61. , , (), . , .
|
|
(lump-sum tax) .
) ( ) ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
) , () ?
y |
x |
y |
x |
, ?
y |
x |
y |
x |
) , .
, ?
, .
y |
x |
) () , . .
y |
x |
62. ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
( )
63. , , , I , .
64. :
) ;
) , ;
) ;
) , .
65. , , :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
66. () ( ). ( , ):
) U(x, ) = 3 ; | ) U(, ) = min (, 3 ); |
) U (, ) = + ; | ) U (, ) = min (3 , ). |
67. .
.
. , .
( ) :
) ; | ) ; |
) ; | ) . |
68. , :
|
|
) ; | ) ; |
) . | ) ; |
69. .
70. .
71. :
) ;
) ;
) , ;
) , , .
y |
x |
72. :
) , ;
) () , ;
) ;
) .
73. () (). :
a) U(x, ) = ; | ) U(x, ) = max (, ); |
)U(x,y)=x+y; | ) U(x,y) = 2. |
74. , :
) , y;
) , ;
) , ;
) , .
75. , . :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
76. , . 5 , (MPL) 10 , (APL) 15 /. :
) 0,33 0,5 ; | ) 0,5 0,33 ; |
) 0,5 0,4 ; | ) 0,4 0,5 . |
_____________
_____________
_____________
77. Y, 20 5 , 5 3 Y, 3 10 Y.
78. , :
) , MRS = 1/ 2;
) ;
) ;
) , .
79. . 300 , 500 . 1 14 ., 1 8 . 56 . :
) ; | ) 4; | ) 5, |
) 7; | ) 3; |
80. : = 8, = 4, 64. , , :
) = 0, = 16; | ) = 3, = 8; |
) = 3, = 10; | ) = 8, = 0. |
_____________
_____________
81. 200 . () (). , , 10 ., -5 . , 20 . .
|
|
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
y |
x |
82. U(x, ) = 5 1 / 2 1 / 2 . , 10. . (, .)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
83. : U = 150 K+ 60 D, ʖ ; D . .
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
84. U = 2 , 15. = 2, = 1. ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
85. , . . , 100, 10 30 . 170 5 75 , 200 2 96 . , .
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
86. U(x, ) = 1/2 y 1/2 500 . 10 ., -1 . 5 . , .
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
87. 120 . . (0,5 ) ( ) 30 ., ( ) 12 . U = 3+ 2. , ? .
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
88. 167 ., 300 . () (). 10 2 , 10 ., 33,5 . 18 ., 84 . , 300 . 12 1 . ? ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
89. . 2, 3, 1 2 . 1, 4, 2 1 . , ?
|
|
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
( )
90. , 18701880 , XVIII (, . , . .).
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
91. ( , ) ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
92. ? ? , , ?
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________