151900.68
-
, 2012
151900.68 - - : ӻ, 2012.
.. , ..
.. , . -12
1
: , , , .
, :
1. - .
2. , .
3. .
4. .
5. .
.
. . .
: , . , . , .
.1 .
1.
, , , . | 512 510 148 156 304 | 8 8 '6 6 4 |
.
. . . , .
|
|
. 2
(σu 1000...1400 /2) , , , , , .
2.
( 18868 73*
, | ||
I. | σ > 800 , (>220 ), | |
II. | σ ≤ 800 , (≤220 HB) | |
III. | σ ≤800 , , | |
IV. | σ = 800÷1000 |
(.. 3) , , .
3.
( 1887773*)
, | ||
I. | , | |
II. | , σ ≤ 800 , . | |
III. | σ ≤ 800 | |
IV. | σ =800 ( ). | |
V. | - σ=800 |
, , σ .
. , . , , . ,
s < 0,3 / a= a1=10... 12, s ≥0,3 / a =,=68.
|
|
. . φ, , , , , , . φ ( ) , .
φ , , , . .
φ = 30 , L 6 (L/< 6) ; φ = 45 L/ =6... 12; φ= 60...75 L/ =12... 15; φ = 90 , L/> 15 90.
. φ1= 5... 10, φ1 =10... 15.
λ. λ . λ = 0 . , , λ = -(2... 4).
λ: λ = 0... 5, λ = 10,
λ = 12... 15.
, λ , - .