.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Translation of two-componental asyndetic substantival clusters




There can be suggested some ways of faithful translation of asyndetic noun/substantival clusters into Ukrainian. Each of these ways may be predetermined by one of the following three factors: 1) by the lexical meaning of the component parts; 2) by their structural form and 3) by the meaning of the cluster as a whole. Hence, translation of two componental asyndetic NN-structure clusters may start:

1) with the head noun: board members ; economy regime 쳿; policy change ; payment imbalance / ;

2) beginning with the adjunct (functioning as an adjective) or with the head (functioning as a noun): dinner-time break / ; school reform / ; student groups / ; currency reform / ; liberation movement / .

The number of thus translated asyndetic substantival word-groups in present-day English is considerable. Having often a dual meaning and nature, some Nadjuncts may be treated both as A+N- and as N+N-components of asyndetic substantival clusters.

Of similar nature are also the substantival clusters with prefixed adjuncts which are translated, as a rule, beginning with the head noun that is mostly characteristic of the NN-type asyndetic noun clusters: anti-apartheid legislation / , anti-trade union act () ; non-smoker compartment / .

3) the meaning of some asyndetic substantival clusters with
compound adjuncts can be rendered into Ukrainian in a descriptive
way as well: nine-men defence 9 (); two-thirds
majority
; top-drawer family ,
; the under-16 country match
16 . Some adjuncts of asyndetic
noun clusters often have a composite structure. They may consist of
words belonging to different parts of speech which constitute either a


 




regular phrase/word-group or a hyphenated conglomeration of words. This kind of word-groups are usually translated in a descriptive way too: the lame duck policy / ; dead ball situations , ' ; rob Peter and pay Paul policy ; Manchster -travel-to-workarea , .

Asyndetic substantival clusters of the NN-, NNN-, etc. structure are often preceded by adjectives, participles, bahuvrihi formations, pronouns, numerals, etc., used in the function of attributes. They usually form with the N/NN components distinct sense units, which may often predetermine the way of approach to the translation of clusters. For example, in the substantival clusters as final press conference, English amateur champion, London cab drivers, striking mine workersXhe attributive (adjectival) components modify the NN head components forming with them word-groups of the A+NN structure. In examples like a Democratic Party member, the Tory Government policy, toxic action results the attributive components form close sense units of the AN+N structure with the head noun. This structure of the word-group, i.e., of the asyndentic noun cluster, and the semantic interrelation between its components predetermines the choice of the approach to translating it. As a result, the meaning of the A+NN-type substantival clusters can be rendered into Ukrainian by the following main approaches:

1) beginning with the initial adjective after which the head noun and its adjunct noun is translated in succession: English amateur champion -; leading world jockeys () ; public protest meeting /1 ; junior hospital staff ; British health service '/ ' ;

2) beginning with the adjective after which the adjacent to it following noun (adjunct) and then the head noun is translated in succession: final press conference ; London cab drivers /; /Sna/cespeare com/ ; six-week summer holiday ; major autumn campaign ; London undergroud tunnels ;

3) a considerable number of lexically transparent asyndetic substantival clusters of the A+NN-type are translated in reverse order,


i.e., beginning with the head noun after which the attributive component and the adjunct noun are translated in succession. The choice of this approach of translating the A+NN-type asyndetic substantival clusters becomes possible due to the existence in Ukrainian of identical semantic units formed with somewhat different grammatical means: European Cup-winners Cup ; Local authority staff ;

4) some asyndetic clusters of the type may be semantically condensed. As a result, more words are needed in the target language to render their meaning, i.e., they are to be translated in a descriptive way: Royal Berkshire polo ground () ; London Evening News ; Royal Air Force . The A+NN asyndetic substantival clusters may sometimes be translated in two ways:

a) by preserving the componental structure of the English word-group;

b) by transforming the initial adjective into a noun and changing the order of components: Maltese NATO base 1) ; 2) ; 3) .

Much simpler is the approach to translating the AN+N-type of asyndetic noun clusters in which the initial adjective (A) and the following adjunct noun form a sense unit of their own. The AN-type sense unit functions as a syntactically and semantically single attributive component to the head noun. Translation of the AN+N type asyndetic substantival clusters predominantly starts with the head noun, after which the attributive component and then the adjunct noun is translated in succession: the Republican Party candidate ; toxic action results 䳿 (); dense fog patches / ; British Lion film ; human resources planning .

As has been already mentioned, some attributive components in English are of dual nature (cf. cannon ball, speech sound). As a result, they can be conveyed either as relative adjectives or as nouns: Labour Government policy / ; London district chairman / ; salary structure design / .

A number of AN+N-type asyndetic substantival clusters are


 




translated in a descriptive way too. It becomes necessary when the asyndetic noun cluster is used to denote a specifically British/American feature/specific national notion, which needs an explanation in the target language: Civil disobedience campaign ( ϳ 䳿 / ); Industrial Relations Act ( , ).

Two-componental asyndetic substantival clusters may often have other than AN+N or AN+NN-type structure of their constituents. These may be of the N+AN, or A+AN+N/AN configuration. The approach to their translating may consequently vary to some extent as well. The asyndetic clusters with the N+AN structure of their componetns may be translated in the following ways:

1) beginning with the AN head sense unit: US military bases ; NATO nuclear weapons () HATO; UN General Assembly .

2) A similar approach should be employed when dealing with the N+AN or N+QN/N+VingN structure substantival clusters with the initial proper names components. This is observed in the following word-groups: the Avior Airline general ; New Times editorial staff () -; Burnt Oak public /// ( ). This type of asyndetic substantival clusters can be translated beginning with the initial noun which turns in the target language into an adjective: the Opposition Liberal Party ; world public opinion .

Other approaches to rendering the meaning of similar type N+AN asyndetic substantival clusters are not excluded either. Thus, the Burnt Oak public library may also be translated as ; Shakespeare Memorial Theatre as / . ( ).

It goes without saying that the descriptive way of translating is preferred, when the asyndetic noun cluster is used out of context: finance overhaul bill ; the Wednesday black belt .


Extensively exemplified in the-newspaper and scientific matter speech styles of present-day English are also A+AN+N-type asyndetic substantival clusters with preceding adjectival, participial and other modifiers in the function of attributes. To render their meaning into Ukrainian, different approaches are employed, each being predetermined by the semantic correlation between the componental elements in the target language equivalent of the asyndetic noun cluster. Among the approaches the following are most frequent:

1) starting with the head noun, proceeding to the adjunct (AN) unit and concluding with the adjunct noun: major Western states interests ; the ten-kilometre international road race 10- ;

2) starting with the initial adjective or participle, proceeding to the head noun and concluding with the adjunct (AN) unit: thrilling second round replay ; efficient public transport system ;

3) starting with the head noun (which may also be a sense unit), proceeding in a reverse order of components to the sense unit with the adjunct noun and concluding with the initial adjective, which becomes a noun in Ukrainian: Scottish Labour Party resolution 䳿; the Chechen fighters activities 䳿 ;

4) descriptive translating can also be resorted to when dealing with this type of asyndetic substantival clusters: International Social Security Association ( ) .

Two-componental AN+AN-type asyndetic substantival clusters, irrespective of the structural forms of A or N components, are predominantly translated starting with the head (AN sense unit). The A(djective) component of the head sense unit becomes usually the starting point: Big Business multi-national firms ; First Aid Nursing Yeomanry ; Old Age Pensioners Joint Committee / .

The descriptive way of conveying the sense of AN+AN-type asyndetic substantival clusters may often become necessary to avoid ambiguity or in order to explain some national specific notions as in the examples Labour Party Young Socialists , ; living fire central


 




heating / or .

Since the relative adjective and the noun in English has often the same orthographic form, it may sometimes be difficult to distinguish them at first sight as in the case with the world in the cluster The Next World Esperanto Congress. Here the word world may mean both and . Because of this, the translation of the cluster will have two faithful variants in Ukrainian: 1. ' , 2. ' .





:


: 2016-03-27; !; : 392 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

783 - | 752 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.019 .