( , , . .). , . (1929), ( . "" - ; "" - , ). ( . "" - ), . . , , . . (, .) . , - . , , , , , ., . , , -, + ; -, ; -, .
7,36 . 0,3 , 0,4 . , , , 0,1 .
- . , , , . 6,8 7,8.
- , .
7,40 0,05. (+) 3,7 4,0 10-8 /. - 3-, 23, 42-, 24-, , , , , (+) .
(-, ) 3-/23 23 - 3-( ):
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3- + + 23
3- + 2 23 + -
- , . :
2() + 2 23
298, 15 400 , 23/ 2 = 0, 00258.
2 , , :
1 + 2 3
2() 2() 23 + + 3-
- 2
- (4) 23 Na3.
23 2, 2 ( ): 2 = (2). , (23) (2).
7,4.
- + 3 , 3- + 23. 23 , 3- . 23, , 2 . 23 2, . 1 2 . 2 .
- + .
2 .
, Na3 23, . , , . , , HLac, . :
Na3 + HLac NaLac + 23 2 + 2() 2()
, , .
- , . , 2. 2 2 ( ), , . . ( ).
"" . = 40 / , = 1 - 2 / .
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2. 42-/24- 24- 42-. - , - -:
42- + + 24-
42- + 2 24- + -
6, 2 - 8, 2, . . .
- (4) , 7, 4 (42-) (24-) 1. 6. :
= 7, 4 = 7, 2 + lg | (42-) | , 7, 2 = (24-) | |
(24-) | |||
lg = | (42-) | = 7, 4 - 7, 2 = 0, 2 | (42-) | = 1, 6 | |
(24-) | (24-) | ||||
, . , , HLac:
42- + HLac 24- + Lac-
, : = 1 -2 / ; = 0, 5 / . , . , .
3. -, 75% , Hb- Hb, ( Hb = 6, 3 10-9; Hb = 8, 2).
Hb- + + Hb
Hb- + 2 Hb + -
Hb2- Hb2, , , ( Hb2 = 1. 12 10-7; Hb2 = 6, 95):
Hb2- + + Hb2
Hb2- + 2 Hb2 + -
Hb, , Hb2
Hb + 2 Hb2
, , .
4. "-" "-".
- -
R - + + R -
N2 N+3
- -
- , , "-" .
(90%) . ( , ) 4,9 - 6,3, 7,4 "-" "-".
, , , - . , . "-" = 10 /, = 3 /.
, . , , = 7. . - ( = 6,0) , .
,
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3-/ 23 42-/ 24-
. , 7,25. . . , - ( 2), , . , . . . 7,25, (3-) (23) , . , , .
, . , . , , , .
. 6,8 7,2. 7,25 , . , . (1,5 - 4): 1. , , .
, - , - .
- () ( . "-" - ). - = 0 ( 7,4).
0 3 , = (6 - 9) - , = (10 - 14) - , , 14, - .
0 () 4%- , . v = 0,5 m , m - , .
, 4%- N3 (v ), , v = m z, z - , .
. 5 15 5%- .
- () (, . .) , . () (, , , , . .) .
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- , - - , .