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Unfortunately ,




. . , - :

1) , (maybe, perhaps, possibly, probably);

2) , (surely, no doubt);

3) ij (actually, in fact, really, certainly), .

, ij, , . / , , :

1. 䳺 ij .

Ex.: It was a really tough school, but order was kept by one of the scariest headmistress you could possibly imagine, Mrs Jenkins.(Ed Miliband, 2010)

, , , .

2. , , ,  . , .

Ex.: If that is what the leaders of Hong Kongs own community believe, then we have truly fulfilled the heavy responsibility we feel for their long-term future (M. Thatcher, 1984)

3. , . ' : , , , . , , , , , , 򳺿 , :

Ex.: Labour did some good things, of course they did. (Nick Clegg, 2010)

4. , ' - , , :

Ex.: We are certainly not looking at a talking shop role for the new Commission(David Lammy, 2004).

Ex.: And so our foreign policy is certainly to deal with today's conflicts and to prevent new ones, to tackle climate change and promote free trade, to advance our values and at all times seek the protection of human rights abroad as we do at home - it is all these things, but it is also something else - to energise our relations and alliances in a broad and enduring way to bring new opportunities and horizons to British people for decades to come.(William Hague, 2010).

[.25-26] . . : : . : , 2006. 186 .

1.3

. (ᒺ ) . 䳿, , , [. 136-137]. . .. // . .: , 1990. .136-137. , , . , , . 䳿, [c. 24 ] FAIRCLOUGH, N. 1989. Language and Power, London: Longman. . . , , , .

50- . ., . .. , ., ., ., : .., .., .., ...

. dscursus, . , , , , . enouncement lénoncé,

() , , ᒺ, ᒺ, . M. Foucault (1969). L'Archéologie du savoir. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. , ( ), ᒺ, ᒺ, . discursive formation ( ) ( ), . , , .

, , . - . Shapiro, M. J. (1981) Language and Political Understanding New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. , .

ᒺ , , , . , . Michael L. Geis The language of politics

Springer-Verlag, 1987 p. 189

, , . Van Dijk, T. A. (19986). What is political discourse analysis? Dins Blommaert, J.; Bulcaen,

Ch. (eds.) (1998) Political linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 11-52. , (institutional settings) , , . , , 쒿 , (nstitutional settings). , , , , . .

˳ . , , , , [c. 225]

Orwell, G. (1969) "Politics and the English language". In W. F. Bolton and D. Crystal (eds.), The English Language Vol. 2: Essays by Linguists and Men of Letters, 18581964. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 217-19.

, , . , . (construction) , , , , , [c. 320] Neaman, J. S. and Sliver, C. G. (1990) Kind Words New York: Facts on File.

Garth S. Jowett Victoria O‟Donnell , , , . ﳺ ( ), , (understand the environment) [c. 30] () [c. 31-32] , , [c. 7] . , , , , , ﳺ, c (recipients).

, [c. 44].

, Jowett and O‟Donnell . ³ , (observers category), (participant category). , , . , [c. 360] Jowett, G.S. and O‟Donnell, V. (2006). Propaganda and Persuasion (4th edn.).

London: Sage.

, / , , [c.360]. , (ﳺ).

, , (imbalance of power), . , ‟ [c. 363-364] van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse & Society 17(3): 359-

383.

Politics is a struggle for power in order to put certain political, economic and social ideas into practice. In this process, language plays a crucial role, for every political action is prepared, accompanied, influenced and played by language. , . , - .





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