:
: .
1
? 㳿 ? . "h-s" .
:
(hQ<0,45), (). 40% () 10-13 %, 5-8 % ,
,
h ; n. .
35 % 㳿 , 65 % , .. (45-50%).
, (5.1)
Q (, ); - , ; ; - .
, 60 65% , ( 㳿).
. .
, , , (0.003 - 0.007), (93-97)% . , , .
( ), . , , 1 , . , , .
, . 㳿 , 㳿, 㳿 , .
2
㳿 . . , "h-s" . .
:
:
1. 㳿 ( 1 .),
|
|
; (5.2)
;
2. ,
; , (5.3)
Q = Q ; Q0 , ; η , ( , ..); η = 0.98 ÷ 0.99.
Q 3600N, Q Q. г :
. (5.4)
. , , , ,
;
. (5.5)
, η η, η, η
; (5.6)
.
η η, η η.
㳿 㳿 쳺 . , , 㳿 , . , , , .
3
. ? , "h-s" . ?
:
( ) . , 㳿 .
, . . 5.1,
. (5.7)
D, D(h h), h h - ﳿ . N ,
, (5.8)
, ,
. (5.9)
(5.7) (5.9), , ,
. (5.10)
, (5.11)
:
. (5.12)
³ (5.11), , , . . 5.1.
|
|
0 ≤ ≤ 1; = 0 h = h, ( ); = 1 h = h0, ( ). = 0.3 ÷ 0.7, = 0.5. D = 0, D0 = D0, , .
4
? ' , . 㳿 ? ?
:
- . 㳿 .
( Q = 0)
,
N - ; Q .
N , Q D ,
. (5.16)
, D 㳿, . (5.16) (5.16).
, (5.17)
h ; , .
ϳ (5.16) D (5.17) Q, N Q
, (5.16)
Q /. 㳿 , /
. (5.18)
, 㳿, , .
= 50-10 / .
.
5
, . 㳿 . 㳿 ?
:
.
, (5.12),
. (5.19)
ϳ ,
; , (5.20)
ξ - 1 0 ( ).
ξ , , Q ,
. (5.21)
³ , 㳿
. (5.22)
dz Q Q , 㳿 , .
|
|
; . г ΔQ = Q Q
Q Q = ΔQ, 㳿 . (5.14),
,
q = h - h'. (5.23)
ΔQ = ΔQ , D ξ, 㳿 .
Q = 0 㳿
. (5.24)
η = 1, , , .
, , , . . .
㳿 , . 㳿
. (5.25)
, η∙η = 1, N = N + N; Q D. = N/N , , (5.25) ,
. (5.26)
η = N/Q Q = D(h0 h'). ,
, (5.27)