.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


η η, η η




:

: .

 

1

? 㳿 ? . "h-s" .

:

(hQ<0,45), (). 40% () 10-13 %, 5-8 % ,

,

h ; n. .

35 % 㳿 , 65 % , .. (45-50%).

, (5.1)

Q (, ); - , ; ; - .

, 60 65% , ( 㳿).

. .

, , , (0.003 - 0.007), (93-97)% . , , .

( ), . , , 1 , . , , .

, . 㳿 , 㳿, 㳿 , .

 

 

 
 

2

㳿 . . , "h-s" . .

 

:

:

1. 㳿 ( 1 .),

; (5.2)

;

2. ,

; , (5.3)

Q = Q ; Q0 , ; η , ( , ..); η = 0.98 ÷ 0.99.

Q 3600N, Q Q. г :

. (5.4)

. , , , ,

;

. (5.5)

, η η, η, η

; (5.6)

.

η η, η η.

㳿 㳿 쳺 . , , 㳿 , . , , , .

3

. ? , "h-s" . ?

 

:

( ) . , 㳿 .

, . . 5.1,

. (5.7)

D, D(h h), h h - ﳿ . N ,

, (5.8)

, ,

. (5.9)

(5.7) (5.9), , ,

. (5.10)

, (5.11)

:

. (5.12)

³ (5.11), , , . . 5.1.

0 ≤ ≤ 1; = 0 h = h, 񳺿 ( ); = 1 h = h0, 񳺿 ( ). = 0.3 ÷ 0.7, = 0.5. D = 0, D0 = D0, , .

 

4

? ' , . 㳿 ? ?

 

:

- . 㳿 .

( Q = 0)

,

N - ; Q .

N , Q D ,

. (5.16)

, D 㳿, . (5.16) (5.16).

, (5.17)

h ; , .

ϳ (5.16) D (5.17) Q, N Q

, (5.16)

Q /. 㳿 , /

. (5.18)

, 㳿, , .

= 50-10 / .

.

 

5

, . 㳿 . 㳿 ?

 

:

.

, (5.12),

. (5.19)

ϳ ,

; , (5.20)

ξ - 1 0 ( ).

ξ , , Q ,

. (5.21)

³ , 㳿

. (5.22)

dz Q Q , 㳿 , .

; . г ΔQ = Q Q

Q Q = ΔQ, 㳿 . (5.14),

,

q = h - h'. (5.23)

ΔQ = ΔQ , D ξ, 㳿 .

Q = 0 㳿

. (5.24)

η = 1, , , .

, , , . . .

㳿 , . 㳿

. (5.25)

, η∙η = 1, N = N + N; Q D. = N/N , , (5.25) ,

. (5.26)

η = N/Q Q = D(h0 h'). ,

, (5.27)





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